NURS 6052 Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice?

NURS 6052 Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice? – Step-by-Step Guide

The first step before starting to write the NURS 6052 Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice? It is essential to understand the requirements of the assignment. The first step is to read the assignment prompt carefully to identify the topic, the length and format requirements. You should go through the rubric provided so that you can understand what is needed to score the maximum points for each part of the assignment. 

It is also important to identify the audience of the paper and its purpose so that it can help you determine the tone and style to use throughout. You can then create a timeline to help you complete each stage of the paper, such as conducting research, writing the paper, and revising it to avoid last-minute stress before the deadline. After identifying the formatting style to be applied to the paper, such as APA, you should review its use, such as writing citations and referencing the resources used. You should also review how to format the title page and the headings in the paper.

How to Research and Prepare for NURS 6052 Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice?

The next step in preparing for your paper is to conduct research and identify the best sources to use to support your arguments. Identify the list of keywords from your topic using different combinations. The first step is to visit the university library and search through its database using the important keywords related to your topic. You can also find books, peer-reviewed articles, and credible sources for your topic from PubMed, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Ensure that you select the references that have been published in the last words and go through each to check for credibility. Ensure that you obtain the references in the required format, for example, in APA, so that you can save time when creating the final reference list. 

You can also group the references according to their themes that align with the outline of the paper. Go through each reference for its content and summarize the key concepts, arguments and findings for each source. You can write down your reflections on how each reference connects to the topic you are researching about. After the above steps, you can develop a strong thesis that is clear, concise and arguable. Next you should create a detailed outline of the paper so that it can help you to create headings and subheadings to be used in the paper. Ensure that you plan what point will go into each paragraph.

How to Write the Introduction for NURS 6052 Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice?

The introduction of the paper is the most crucial part as it helps to provide the context of your work, and will determine if the reader will be interested to read through to the end. You should start with a hook, which will help capture the reader’s attention. You should contextualize the topic by offering the reader a concise overview of the topic you are writing about so that they may understand its importance. You should state what you aim to achieve with the paper. The last part of the introduction should be your thesis statement, which provides the main argument of the paper.

How to Write the Body for NURS 6052 Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice?

The body of the paper helps you to present your arguments and evidence to support your claims. You can use headings and subheadings developed in the paper’s outline to guide you on how to organize the body. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence to help the reader know what point you will be discussing in that paragraph. Support your claims using the evidence conducted from the research, ensure that you cite each source properly using in-text citations. You should analyze the evidence presented and explain its significance and how it connects to the thesis statement. You should maintain a logical flow between each paragraph by using transition words and a flow of ideas.

How to Write the In-text Citations for NURS 6052 Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice?

In-text citations help the reader to give credit to the authors of the references they have used in their works. All ideas that have been borrowed from references, any statistics and direct quotes must be referenced properly. The name and date of publication of the paper should be included when writing an in-text citation. For example, in APA, after stating the information, you can put an in-text citation after the end of the sentence, such as (Smith, 2021). If you are quoting directly from a source, include the page number in the citation, for example (Smith, 2021, p. 15). Remember to also include a corresponding reference list at the end of your paper that provides full details of each source cited in your text. An example paragraph highlighting the use of in-text citations is as below:

The integration of technology in nursing practice has significantly transformed patient care and improved health outcomes. According to Smith (2021), the use of electronic health records (EHRs) has streamlined communication among healthcare providers, allowing for more coordinated and efficient care delivery. Furthermore, Johnson and Brown (2020) highlight that telehealth services have expanded access to care, particularly for patients in rural areas, thereby reducing barriers to treatment.

How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 6052 Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice?

When writing the conclusion of the paper, start by restarting your thesis, which helps remind the reader what your paper is about. Summarize the key points of the paper, by restating them. Discuss the implications of your findings and your arguments. End with a call to action that leaves a lasting impact on the reader or recommendations.

How to Format the Reference List for NURS 6052 Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice?

The reference helps provide the reader with the complete details of the sources you cited in the paper. The reference list should start with the title “References” on a new page. It should be aligned center and bolded, in sentence sentence care. The references should be organized in an ascending order alphabetically and each should have a hanging indent. If a source has no author, it should be alphabetized by the title of the work, ignoring any initial articles such as “A,” “An,” or “The.” If you have multiple works by the same author, list them in chronological order, starting with the earliest publication. 

Each reference entry should include specific elements depending on the type of source. For books, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the book in italics, the edition (if applicable), and the publisher’s name. For journal articles, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the article (not italicized), the title of the journal in italics, the volume number in italics, the issue number in parentheses (if applicable), and the page range of the article. For online sources, include the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or the URL at the end of the reference. An example reference list is as follows:

References

Johnson, L. M., & Brown, R. T. (2020). The role of telehealth in improving patient outcomes. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 35(2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000456

Smith, J. A. (2021). The impact of technology on nursing practice. Health Press.

Instructions for NURS 6052 Week 1 Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice?

March 21, 2010, was not EBP’s date of birth, but it may be the date the approach “grew up” and left home to take on the world. Have a look at NURS 6052 Assignment Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim.

When the Affordable Care Act was passed, it came with a requirement of empirical evidence. Research on EBP increased significantly. Application of EBP spread to allied health professions, education, healthcare technology, and more. Health organizations began to adopt and promote EBP.

In this Discussion, you will consider this adoption. You will examine healthcare organization websites and analyze to what extent these organizations use EBP.

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and reflect on the definition and goal of EBP.
• Choose a professional healthcare organization’s website (e.g., a reimbursing body, an accredited body, or a national initiative).
• Explore the website to determine where and to what extent EBP is evident.
• Supported by at least three current, credible sources

NURS 6052 Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice? Learning Resources

Note: To access this module’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

NURS 6052 Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice? Example 1

VitalCare Health Solutions

The healthcare organization website I reviewed is called “VitalCare Health Solutions.” The website exudes a modern and professional design, featuring a clean layout with easy navigation. The homepage greets visitors with a captivating image of diverse healthcare professionals engaged in collaborative care. Evidence-based practice (EBP) prominently appears throughout VitalCare Health Solutions’ website, reflecting the organization’s commitment to providing high-quality, evidence-based care. 

In the mission statement, they explicitly state their dedication to integrating the latest research findings and best practices into their healthcare delivery (Vital Healthcare Solutions, n.d.). Their philosophy section highlights the importance of utilizing evidence from clinical trials, systematic reviews, and patient-centered outcomes to guide decision-making.

Additionally, the goals section of the website outlines specific objectives aimed at promoting EBP. These objectives include fostering a culture of continuous learning and professional development among staff, investing in research and innovation, and collaborating with academic institutions to stay at the forefront of healthcare advancements. VitalCare Health Solutions’ work is undeniably grounded in EBP (Vital Healthcare Solutions, n.d.). They prioritize the use of evidence to inform their clinical protocols, treatment plans, and interventions. 

This commitment is evident in the extensive resources section of the website, which provides access to a wide range of evidence-based guidelines, protocols, and research articles for both healthcare professionals and patients. The information discovered on VitalCare Health Solutions’ website has positively influenced my perception of the organization. Their explicit emphasis on EBP, integration of research findings, and commitment to continuous learning reflect a dedication to delivering the most effective and up-to-date care (Vital Healthcare Solutions, n.d.). 

The availability of resources and the focus on collaboration with academic institutions also showcase their efforts to stay current in a rapidly evolving healthcare landscape. As a result, I view VitalCare Health Solutions as an organization that prioritizes evidence-based care, which instils confidence in its ability to provide optimal healthcare outcomes.

NURS 6052 Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice? References

Vital Healthcare Solutions. (n.d.). Vital Healthcare Solutions. https://vitalhealthcaresolutions.net/

NURS 6052 Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice? Rubric Detail

	Excellent		Fair	Poor
Main Posting	45 (45%) – 50 (50%) Answers all parts of the discussion question(s) expectations with reflective critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources. Supported by at least three current, credible sources. Written clearly and concisely with no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.		35 (35%) – 39 (39%) Responds to some of the discussion question(s). One or two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed. Is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. Somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. Post is cited with two credible sources. Written somewhat concisely; may contain more than two spelling or grammatical errors. Contains some APA formatting errors.	0 (0%) – 34 (34%) Does not respond to the discussion question(s) adequately. Lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria. Lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. Does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. Contains only one or no credible sources. Not written clearly or concisely. Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors. Does not adhere to current APA manual writing rules and style.
Main Post: Timeliness	10 (10%) – 10 (10%) Posts main post by day 3.

NURS 6052 Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice? Example 2

Evidence based-practice (EBP) is a procedure utilized to examine, assess, and translate the most updated scientific evidence. EBP’s goal is to thoroughly integrate ideal and current research with patient partiality and clinical experience into medical practice to ensure nurses make knowledgeable patient-care conclusions (Melnyk et al., 2014).

The adoption and application of evidence-based practice in healthcare and nursing are fundamental in certifying the best patient results and care quality (Kim et al., 2016). EBP is the foundation of medical practice, and implementing EBP advances care quality and patient upshots.

Explore the website to determine where and to what extent EBP Is evident.

PubMed is among the best websites to complete research with evidence-based and credible information. The website provides current, relevant, unbiased, and up-to-date information. PubMed is specific to health and medicine, conducts extensive medical and scientific research, and is a consistent and highly authoritative resource.

The website meets the CRAAP (currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose) test criteria used to examine empirical sources. EPB sponsors quality healthcare, improving the consistency and quality of healthcare, decreasing disparities in costs and care, and enhancing health outcomes (Melnyk et al., 2014). PubMed sponsors the search and reclamation of life and biomedical sciences literature to advance healthcare.

Why PubMed Is Grounded in EBP

PubMed is grounded in EBP, implementing the best accessible evidence, and medical professionalism. PubMed is credible and specific to health and medicine, containing over 34 million biomedical literature abstracts and citations (Williamson & Minter, 2019). A project-based EBP teaching can lead to a rise in EBP sources’ use and developments in attitudes and knowledge connected to EBP (Crabtree et al., 2016). Determining the dependability of evidence and resources is essential in evidence-based practice.

How Information Discovered on PubMed has Changed My Perception of the Healthcare Organization.

The information provided in PubMed has altered my understanding of the website. I have realized that the healthcare organization is a free global resource with systematic reviews that inform clinical verdicts. Further, the United States National Library of Medicine facilitates examining solutions to clinical inquiries with PubMed.

The adoption and distribution of EBP projects generate opportunities for healthcare experts to engage in the growth of scholarly evidence, leading to professional development and progress (Crabtree et al., 2016). PubMed promotes nursing professional development. Nurses are responsible for locating and categorizing dependable and academic resources to incorporate the optimum obtainable evidence, improving clinical reasoning and decision skills.

NURS 6052 Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice? References

Crabtree, E., Brennan, E., Davis, A., & Coyle, A. (2016). Improving Patient Care Through Nursing Engagement in Evidence‐Based Practice. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing, 13(2), 172-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12126

Kim, S. C., Stichler, J. F., Ecoff, L., Brown, C. E., Gallo, A. M., & Davidson, J. E. (2016). Predictors of evidence‐based practice implementation, job satisfaction, and group cohesion among regional fellowship program participants. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing, 13(5), 340-348. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12171

Melnyk, B. M., Gallagher‐Ford, L., Long, L. E., & Fineout‐Overholt, E. (2014). The establishment of evidence‐based practice competencies for practicing registered nurses and advanced practice nurses in real‐world clinical settings: Proficiencies to improve healthcare quality, reliability, patient outcomes, and costs. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing, 11(1), 5-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12021

Williamson, P. O., & Minter, C. I. (2019). Exploring PubMed as a reliable resource for scholarly communications services. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 107(1), 16 https://doi.org/10.5195%2Fjmla.2019.433

NURS 6052 Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice?

Where in the World is Evidence-Based Practice?

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a systematic approach that integrates the best available evidence from research, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to inform healthcare decisions (Melnyk and Overholt, 2023). While EBP has been around for decades, its significance grew with the passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2010, which mandated the incorporation of empirical evidence into healthcare practices (Engle et al., 2021). 

Following the Affordable Care Act, there was a notable surge in research on EBP and its application across various healthcare domains. Initially rooted in medicine, EBP has expanded to influence other health professions, education, and healthcare technology. Health organizations recognized its importance and began to incorporate EBP principles into their operations and decision-making processes. The purpose of this essay is to analyze the utilization of EBP on the WHO website and assess how prominently and comprehensively the WHO promotes EBP.

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a key player in shaping international health policies and guidelines, and the extent to which the WHO integrates Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) principles into its initiatives can have a substantial impact on healthcare practices worldwide. On the WHO’s homepage, there is an emphasis on evidence-based approaches, highlighting the guidelines informed by evidence and research-backed global health initiatives, signifying the organization’s dedication to evidence-based practices (WHO, 2023).

The WHO website’s menu entails health discussion topics with Evidence-Based Guidelines. This section shows various topics like disease-specific guidelines, health topic recommendations, and research summaries. These resources show the WHO’s commitment to integrating evidence into its recommendations for healthcare professionals, policymakers, and the general public (WHO, 2023). 

Additionally, there are publications where WHO provides educational materials that emphasize the importance of critical appraisal of research and informed decision-making. These materials guide users in understanding the process of developing evidence-based guidelines and promote a culture of evidence-based thinking. In addition, WHO collaborates with academic institutions to address global health challenges. Ongoing research initiatives and summaries of research findings are showcased, reinforcing the organization’s commitment to incorporating the latest research evidence into its activities (WHO, 2023).

WHO also focuses on patient-centered care through resources that encourage Health care workers, as well as patients, to actively participate in their health decisions. This provides information on how patients can access evidence-based information to make informed choices about their health and treatment options. WHO highlights case studies and best practices from various countries that have successfully implemented evidence-based strategies to improve healthcare quality. 

These real-world examples underscore the practical application of EBP principles in enhancing healthcare systems. The WHO’s involvement in regional and global initiatives is intertwined with evidence-based approaches. Initiatives such as disease control, health promotion, and healthcare system strengthening are all supported by evidence-informed strategies, emphasizing the organization’s commitment to global health based on EBP (WHO, 2023).

NURS 6052 Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice? References

Engle, R. L., Mohr, D. C., Holmes, S. K., Seibert, M. N., Afable, M., Leyson, J., & Meterko, M. (2021). Evidence-based practice and patient-centered care: Doing both well. Health Care Management Review, 46(3), 174–184. https://doi.org/10.1097/hmr.0000000000000254

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout Overholt, E. (2023). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (5th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. o Chapter 1, “Making the Case for Evidence-Based Practice and Cultivating a Spirit of Inquiry” (pp. 7–36. https://www.nursingcenter.com/upload/journals/documents/b01694356.htm

WHO. (2023). World Health Organization (WHO). Who. int. https://www.who.int/

Evidence-based Practice and the Quadrupple Aim Assignment Instructions and Example Solution Provided

Healthcare organizations continually seek to optimize healthcare performance. For years, this approach was a three-pronged one known as the Triple Aim, with efforts focused on improved population health, enhanced patient experience, and lower healthcare costs.

More recently, this approach has evolved to a Quadruple Aim by including a focus on improving the work life of healthcare providers. Each of these measures are impacted by decisions made at the organizational level, and organizations have increasingly turned to EBP to inform and justify these decisions.

To Prepare:

• Read the articles by Sikka, Morath, & Leape (2015); Crabtree, Brennan, Davis, & Coyle (2016); and Kim et al. (2016) provided in the Resources.
• Reflect on how EBP might impact (or not impact) the Quadruple Aim in healthcare.
• Consider the impact that EBP may have on factors impacting these quadruple aim elements, such as preventable medical errors or healthcare delivery.

To Complete:

Write a brief analysis (no longer than 2 pages) of the connection between EBP and the Quadruple Aim.

Your analysis should address how EBP might (or might not) help reach the Quadruple Aim, including each of the four measures of:

• Patient experience
• Population health
• Costs
• Work life of healthcare providers

Evidence-based Practice and the Quadrupple Aim Assignment Example Solution

The Connection between Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim

Healthcare organizations have adopted the Quadruple Aim framework as a means to enhance healthcare delivery. The Quadruple Aim emphasizes four key measures: patient experience, population health, costs, and the work-life of healthcare providers.

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) plays a crucial role in supporting and advancing the Quadruple Aim by promoting the use of the best available evidence in decision-making and driving improvements in these four areas. This paper explores the connection between EBP and the Quadruple Aim, discussing how EBP can facilitate progress in each measure.

Patient Experience

EBP significantly improves patient experience by promoting the delivery of high-quality, patient-centered care. Integrating research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences, EBP ensures that healthcare interventions align with the best available evidence of effectiveness, safety, and patient preferences (Bowles et al., 2019).

This approach enhances patient outcomes, reduces variations in care, and fosters shared decision-making. EBP interventions, such as standardized care protocols and clinical practice guidelines, improve patient satisfaction, increase engagement, and enhance communication between patients and healthcare providers (Iglesia et al., 2020).

Population Health

EBP advances population health by enabling healthcare organizations to implement evidence-based interventions and strategies that promote the health and well-being of entire communities. Synthesizing research evidence on preventive measures, health promotion initiatives, and disease management strategies, EBP informs population-level interventions addressing social determinants of health and reducing health disparities.

According to Iglesias et al. (2020), EBP guides the development of public health programs targeting specific populations or interventions aimed at reducing the burden of chronic diseases. By incorporating EBP into population health management, healthcare systems improve health outcomes, reduce healthcare utilization, and enhance community well-being.

Costs

EBP positively impacts healthcare costs by guiding resource allocation toward interventions that demonstrate effectiveness and cost-efficiency. Adopting evidence-based interventions allows healthcare organizations to avoid unnecessary or ineffective treatments, reduce medical errors, and optimize resource utilization.

Bowles et al. (2019) reiterate that EBP informs decisions regarding the adoption of new technologies, drugs, or medical devices by considering their clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Additionally, EBP identifies strategies for optimizing care delivery processes, improving care coordination, and reducing waste. Integrating EBP into healthcare decision-making allows organizations to achieve better outcomes while managing costs more efficiently (Nundy et al., 2022).

Work-Life of Healthcare Providers

EBP enhances the work life of healthcare providers by promoting a culture of continuous learning, professional development and reducing practice variability. Basing clinical decisions on sound evidence increases healthcare providers’ confidence, leading to improved job satisfaction and reduced burnout.

EBP supports the use of standardized care protocols and clinical guidelines, which reduces the cognitive load on healthcare professionals and streamlines care processes (Bachynsky, 2020). Moreover, EBP fosters a collaborative approach to decision-making, promoting interdisciplinary teamwork and communication. These factors contribute to a positive work environment, improved provider well-being, and ultimately, better patient care.

Conclusion

Evidence-Based Practice plays a vital role in achieving the Quadruple Aim by improving patient experience, population health, cost-effectiveness, and the work life of healthcare providers. Integrating research evidence into decision-making processes allows healthcare organizations to deliver high-quality, patient-centered care, promote population health, optimize resource utilization, and enhance the well-being of healthcare professionals. Embracing EBP as a core component of healthcare delivery is essential for realizing the Quadruple Aim and driving meaningful improvements across these four measures.

References

Bachynsky, N. (2020). Implications for policy: The triple aim, quadruple aim, and interprofessional collaboration. In Nursing forum 55(1), 54-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12382

Bowles, J. R., Batcheller, J., Adams, J. M., Zimmermann, D., & Pappas, S. (2019). Nursing’s leadership role in advancing professional practice/work environments as part of the quadruple aim. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 43(2), 157-163. https://doi.org/10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000342

Iglesia, E. G., Greenhawt, M., & Shaker, M. S. (2020). Achieving the Quadruple Aim to deliver value-based allergy care in an ever-evolving health care system. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 125(2), 126-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2020.04.007

Nundy, S., Cooper, L. A., & Mate, K. S. (2022). The quintuple aim for health care improvement: a new imperative to advance health equity. JAMA, 327(6), 521-522. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.25181

NURS 6052 Evidence-based Project, Part 1: Identifying Research Methodologies

Is there a difference between “common practice” and “best practice”?

When you first went to work for your current organization, experienced colleagues may have shared details about processes and procedures with you. Perhaps you even attended an orientation session to brief you on these matters. As a “rookie,” you likely kept the nature of your questions to those with answers that would best help you perform your new role.

Over time and with experience, perhaps you recognized aspects of these processes and procedures that you wanted to question further. This is the realm of clinical inquiry.

Clinical inquiry is the practice of asking questions about clinical practice. To continuously improve patient care, all nurses should consistently use clinical inquiry to question why they are doing something the way they are doing it.

Do they know why it is done this way, or is it just because we have always done it this way? Is it a common practice or a best practice?

In this Assignment, you will identify clinical areas of interest and inquiry and practice searching for research in support of maintaining or changing these practices. You will also analyze this research to compare research methodologies employed.

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and identify a clinical issue of interest that can form the basis of a clinical inquiry.
• Keep in mind that the clinical issue you identify for your research will stay the same for the entire course. 
• Based on the clinical issue of interest and using keywords related to the clinical issue of interest, search at least four different databases in the Library to identify at least four relevant peer-reviewed articles related to your clinical issue of interest. You should not be using systematic reviews for this assignment, select original research articles.
• Review the results of your peer-reviewed research and reflect on the process of using an unfiltered database to search for peer-reviewed research.
• Reflect on the types of research methodologies contained in the four relevant peer-reviewed articles you selected.

Part 1: Identifying Research Methodologies

After reading each of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected, use the Matrix Worksheet template to analyze the methodologies applied in each of the four peer-reviewed articles. Your analysis should include the following:

• The full citation of each peer-reviewed article in APA format.
• A brief (1-paragraph) statement explaining why you chose this peer-reviewed article and/or how it relates to your clinical issue of interest, including a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest.
• A brief (1-2 paragraph) description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article.
• A brief (1-2 paragraph) description of the research methodology used. Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative, quantitative, or a mixed-methods approach. Be specific.
• A brief (1- to 2-paragraph) description of the strengths of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability and validity of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected.

Matrix Worksheet Template

Use this document to complete Part 1 of the Module 2 Assessment, Evidence-Based Project, Part 1: Identifying Research Methodologies

Full citation of selected article	Article #1	Article #2	Article #3	Article #4
Why you chose this article and/or how it relates to the clinical issue of interest (include a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest)
Brief description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article
Brief description of the research methodology used. Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative, quantitative, or a mixed-methods approach. Be specific.
A brief description of the strengths of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability and validity of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected.
General Notes/Comments

NURS 6052 Discussion: Searching Databases

When you decide to purchase a new car, you first decide what is important to you. If mileage and dependability are the important factors, you will search for data focused more on these factors and less on color options and sound systems.

The same holds true when searching for research evidence to guide your clinical inquiry and professional decisions. Developing a formula for an answerable, researchable question that addresses your need will make the search process much more effective. One such formula is the PICO(T) format.

In this Discussion, you will transform a clinical inquiry into a searchable question in PICO(T) format, so you can search the electronic databases more effectively and efficiently. You will share this PICO(T) question and examine strategies you might use to increase the rigor and effectiveness of a database search on your PICO(T) question.

To Prepare:

Review the Resources and identify a clinical issue of interest that can form the basis of a clinical inquiry.

Review the materials offering guidance on using databases, performing keyword searches, and developing PICO(T) questions provided in the Resources.

Based on the clinical issue of interest and using keywords related to the clinical issue of interest, search at least two different databases in the Walden Library to identify at least four relevant peer-reviewed articles related to your clinical issue of interest. You should not be using systematic reviews for this assignment, select original research articles.

Review the Resources for guidance and develop a PICO(T) question of interest to you for further study. It is suggested that an Intervention-type PICOT question be developed as these seem to work best for this course.

Library tip:

School Library recommends starting your search broadly with one concept or search word and adding more elements one at a time. Depending on your topic, the evidence will not necessarily address all the aspects of your PICO(T) question in one article. Select the most important concepts to search and find the best evidence available, even if that means assembling evidence from multiple articles.

Write a brief description of your clinical issue of interest.

This clinical issue will remain the same for the entire course and will be the basis for the development of your PICOT question.

Describe your search results in terms of the number of articles returned on original research and how this changed as you added search terms using your Boolean operators. Finally, explain strategies you might make to increase the rigor and effectiveness of a database search on your PICO(T) question. Be specific and provide examples.

This clinical issue will remain the same for the entire course and will be the basis for the development of your PICOT question.

NURS 6052 Evidence-Based Project, Part 2: Advanced Levels of Clinical Inquiry and Systematic Reviews

Your quest to purchase a new car begins with an identification of the factors important to you. As you conduct a search of cars that rate high on those factors, you collect evidence and try to understand the extent of that evidence. A report that suggests a certain make and model of automobile has high mileage is encouraging. But who produced that report? How valid is it? How was the data collected, and what was the sample size?

In this Assignment, you will delve deeper into clinical inquiry by closely examining your PICO(T) question. You also begin to analyze the evidence you have collected.

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and identify a clinical issue of interest that can form the basis of a clinical inquiry.
• Develop a PICO(T) question to address the clinical issue of interest you identified in Module 2 for the Assignment. This PICOT question will remain the same for the entire course.
• Use the keywords from the PICO(T) question you developed and search at least four different databases in the Walden Library. Identify at least four relevant systematic reviews or other filtered high-level evidence, which includes meta-analyses, critically appraised topics (evidence syntheses), and critically-appraised individual articles (article synopses). The evidence will not necessarily address all the elements of your PICO(T) question, so select the most important concepts to search and find the best evidence available.
• Reflect on the process of creating a PICO(T) question and searching for peer-reviewed research.

The Assignment (Evidence-Based Project) – Part 2: Advanced Levels of Clinical Inquiry and Systematic Reviews

Create a 5- to 6-slide PowerPoint presentation in which you do the following:

• Identify and briefly describe your chosen clinical issue of interest.
• Describe how you developed a PICO(T) question focused on your chosen clinical issue of interest.
• Identify the four research databases that you used to conduct your search for the peer-reviewed articles you selected.
• Provide APA citations of the four relevant peer-reviewed articles at the systematic review level related to your research question. If there are no systematic review level articles or meta-analysis on your topic, then use the highest level of evidence peer reviewed article.
• Describe the levels of evidence in each of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected, including an explanation of the strengths of using systematic reviews for clinical research.
• Be specific and provide examples.

NURS 6052 Evidence-Based Project, Part 3: Critical Appraisal of Research

Realtors rely on detailed property appraisals—conducted using appraisal tools—to assign market values to houses and other properties. These values are then presented to buyers and sellers to set prices and initiate offers.

Research appraisal is not that different. The critical appraisal process utilizes formal appraisal tools to assess the results of research to determine value to the context at hand. Evidence-based practitioners often present these findings to make the case for specific courses of action.

In this Assignment, you will use an appraisal tool to conduct a critical appraisal of published research. You will then present the results of your efforts.

To Prepare:

• Reflect on the four peer-reviewed articles you selected in Module 2 and the four systematic reviews (or other filtered high-level evidence) you selected in Module 3.
• Reflect on the four peer-reviewed articles you selected in Module 2 and analyzed in Module 3.
• Review and download the Critical Appraisal Tool Worksheet Template provided in the Resources.

The Assignment (Evidence-Based Project) – Part 3A: Critical Appraisal of Research

Conduct a critical appraisal of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected by completing the Evaluation Table within the Critical Appraisal Tool Worksheet Template. Choose a total of four peer- reviewed articles that you selected related to your clinical topic of interest in Module 2 and Module 3.

Note: You can choose any combination of articles from Modules 2 and 3 for your Critical Appraisal. For example, you may choose two unfiltered research articles from Module 2 and two filtered research articles (systematic reviews) from Module 3 or one article from Module 2 and three articles from Module 3. You can choose any combination of articles from the prior Module Assignments as long as both modules and types of studies are represented.

Part 3B: Critical Appraisal of Research

Based on your appraisal, in a 1-2-page critical appraisal, suggest a best practice that emerges from the research you reviewed.

Briefly explain the best practice, justifying your proposal with APA citations of the research.

Critical Appraisal Worksheet Table

Evaluation Table

Use this document to complete the evaluation table requirement of the Module 4 Assessment, Evidence-Based Project, Part 3A: Critical Appraisal of Research

Full APA formatted citation of selected article.	Article #1	Article #2	Article #3	Article #4
Evidence Level *(I, II, or III)
Conceptual Framework Describe the theoretical basis for the study (If there is not one mentioned in the article, say that here).**
Design/Method Describe the design and how the study was carried out (In detail, including inclusion/exclusion criteria).
Sample/Setting The number and characteristics ofpatients, attrition rate, etc.
Major Variables Studied List and define dependent and independent variables
Measurement Identify primary statistics used to answer clinical questions (You need to list the actual tests done).
Data Analysis Statistical orQualitative findings (You need to enter the actual numbers determined by the statistical tests or qualitative data).
Findings and Recommendations General findings and recommendations of the research
Appraisal and Study Quality  Describe the general worth of this research to practice. What are the strengths and limitations of study? What are the risks associated with implementation of the suggested practices or processes detailed in the research? What is the feasibility of use in your practice?
Key findings
Outcomes
General Notes/Comments

*These levels are from the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice: Evidence Level and Quality Guide

• Level I

Experimental, randomized controlled trial (RCT), systematic review RTCs with or without meta-analysis

•  Level II

Quasi-experimental studies, systematic review of a combination of RCTs and quasi-experimental studies, or quasi-experimental studies only, with or without meta-analysis

• Level III

Nonexperimental, systematic review of RCTs, quasi-experimental with/without meta-analysis, qualitative, qualitative systematic review with/without meta-synthesis

• Level IV

Respected authorities’ opinions, nationally recognized expert committee/consensus panel reports based on scientific evidence

• Level V

Literature reviews, quality improvement, program evaluation, financial evaluation, case reports, nationally recognized expert(s) opinion based on experiential evidence

**Note on Conceptual Framework

• Researchers create theoretical and conceptual frameworks that include a philosophical and methodological model to help design their work. A formal theory provides context for the outcome of the events conducted in the research. The data collection and analysis are also based on the theoretical and conceptual framework.
• As stated by Grant and Osanloo (2014), “Without a theoretical framework, the structure and vision for a study is unclear, much like a house that cannot be constructed without a blueprint. By contrast, a research plan that contains a theoretical framework allows the dissertation study to be strong and structured with an organized flow from one chapter to the next.”
• Theoretical and conceptual frameworks provide evidence of academic standards and procedure. They also offer an explanation of why the study is pertinent and how the researcher expects to fill the gap in the literature.
• Literature does not always clearly delineate between a theoretical or conceptual framework. With that being said, there are slight differences between the two.

References 

The Johns Hopkins Hospital/Johns Hopkins University (n.d.). Johns Hopkins nursing evidence-based practice: appendix C: evidence level and quality guide. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/evidence-based-practice/_docs/appendix_c_evidence_level_quality_guide.pdf

Grant, C., & Osanloo, A. (2014). Understanding, selecting, and integrating a theoretical framework in dissertation research: Creating the blueprint for your house. Administrative Issues Journal: Education, Practice, and Research, 4(2), 12-26.

Walden University Academic Guides (n.d.). Conceptual & theoretical frameworks overview. https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/conceptualframework