NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment Example Solution Included

Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

Healthcare systems worldwide continue to improve various aspects of the provision of care to meet the needs of the patients and ensure improved health outcomes and patient satisfaction (Manias, 2019). Enhancing the quality of care requires the incorporation of efforts from healthcare providers as well as all stakeholders involved in care. One way of improving patient care is through active engagement of patients and their relatives in care through coordinated care and clear communication.

The engagement of patients in care affects treatment adherence, satisfaction, healthcare cost, and self-management. Consequently, there is improvement in the quality, safety, and delivery of care provided, as well as a reduction in the cost of care. Information technology and clinical systems have enhanced patient-centered care in various settings through improved technology (Manias, 2019).

Patient Engagement Communication and Technology (PROSPECT) is an example of a clinical system that can be used to improve patient-centered care. The components of the program include electronic health records, checklist tools, patient portals, and messaging platform (Dykes et al., 2017). This paper is a literature review organized in an annotated bibliography that aims to address the impact of using patient-centered care using various components of the PROSPECT to improve the health outcomes of patients with chronic conditions.

Dykes, P. C., Rozenblum, R., Dalal, A., Massaro, A., Chang, F., Clements, M., Collins, S., Donze, J., Fagan, M., Gazarian, P., Hanna, J., Lehmann, L., Leone, K., Lipsitz, S., McNally, K., Morrison, C., Samal, L., Mlaver, E., Schnock, K., … Bates, D. W. (2017). Prospective evaluation of a multifaceted intervention to improve outcomes in intensive care: The promoting respect and ongoing safety through patient engagement communication and technology study. Critical Care Medicine, 45(8), e806–e813. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000002449

The article by Dykes et al. (2017) highlights the importance of patient-centered care in the ICU setting. The article argues that despite most ICU patients being critically ill and unresponsive, engaging their family members in looking after them is also a form of engaging patients. Accordingly, these engagements aim to improve partnerships and the quality and safety of care. The study examined the effectiveness of patient-centered care and engagement programs in the medical ICU.

The intervention includes a patient-centered care and engagement training program and web-based technology involving a safety checklist, messaging platform, and tools to share care plans. Patients and care partners use online portals to access health information and participate in care plans while communicating with providers (Dykes et al., 2017). The findings from the study encouraged the implementation of patient-centered care based on the benefits realized.

The intervention led to a reduction in adverse events while markedly improving patient satisfaction (Dykes et al., 2017). The findings of this article are relevant and encourage the implantation of patient-centered care through adopting effective communication strategies to involve patients and family members to improve overall care. Patients feel motivated and appreciated if they understand whatever is happening to them, as discussed by their healthcare providers.

Penedo, F. J., Oswald, L. B., Kronenfeld, J. P., Garcia, S. F., Cella, D., & Yanez, B. (2020). The increasing value of eHealth in the delivery of patient-centered cancer care. The Lancet Oncology, 21(5), e240–e251. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30021-8

This article review presents summarized evidence-based information regarding eHealth’s impact on cancer patients’ care. They argue that the evolution of eHealth ushered in a new era of managing patients with various chronic conditions by improving patient-centered care (Penedo et al., 2020). Through eHealth, traditional in-person care with the adoption of real-time care that is dynamic with improved assessment and delivery of interventions.

The review provided a narrative of peer-reviewed articles published within the last 10 years. From the review, using eHealth to achieve patient-centered care is an acceptable practice due to its benefits. eHealth enhances the care of patients through improved diagnosis, planning of care, surveillance, and monitoring of patients.

Improved communication enhanced toxicity assessment, improved management, and optimized patient engagement throughout care (Penedo et al., 2020). The article’s findings are important to add knowledge on the importance of using technology in long-term patient follow-ups. Engaging patients through eHealth can improve various aspects of their lives, including improving their quality of life by addressing their symptoms (Manias, 2019). Healthcare organizations should incorporate and implement the use of eHealth to offer care for individuals with chronic conditions such as cancer.

Tebeje, T. H., & Klein, J. (2021). Applications of e-health to support person-centered health care at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Telemedicine Journal and E-Health: The Official Journal of the American Telemedicine Association, 27(2), 150–158. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2020.0201

The surge of COVID-19 got many people unaware, including the healthcare department. The rapid spread of the virus, with associated mortality and morbidity, shook the whole world. Prevention of COVID-19 requires the implementation of various measures, including hand hygiene, avoiding social gatherings, and working from home. Restrictions on social gatherings meant that a limited number of people could access healthcare simultaneously.

Limited access to healthcare, especially for patients with chronic disease, meant their health was in danger as they often required close monitoring. To close the gap in care access while reducing exposure to infections, healthcare departments embraced telehealth, an eHealth technology to help improve patient-centered care to meet patient needs. Telehealth allows for remote clinician and patient interaction without exposure to COVID-19 (Tebeje & Klein, 2021). This literature review aimed to assess the effects of telehealth on patient care and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Literature was systematically searched from publications dated January 1 and May 20, with eight studies out of the 60 articles included in the study. The study findings revealed the importance of telehealth and mobile health in improving patient engagement and access to care while at home (Tebeje & Klein, 2021). The quality of care and, personalized experience and satisfaction improved while using telehealth.

This article is relevant to this literature review and adds more knowledge on the effects pandemics can have on healthcare, as well as providing alternative methods of overcoming the problems. Improving patient-centered care through telehealth is a promising way through which care can be offered in the future to manage chronic conditions, especially for patients in remote settings with a disability who have limited access to care (Lyles et al., 2020).

Downes, E., Horigan, A., & Teixeira, P. (2019). The transformation of health care for patients: Information and communication technology, digiceuticals, and digitally enabled care. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 31(3), 156–161. https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.0000000000000109

Downes et al. (2019) provide an insight into the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in transforming healthcare systems. The presence of innovative technology such as wearable technology, patient portals, remote monitoring, mobile applications, and new services such as virtual visits and telemedicine. The literature review aimed at preventing the use of digitally enabled tools and ICT in patient care. Applying the aforementioned technology in patient care improved the quality of care and patient experience.

ICT helps in improving communication while enhancing patient engagement in their care. Patient-centered care improves health outcomes, curtails care costs, and enhances patient experience (Downes et al., 2019) e. Understanding the various ICT options is essential when determining which type to adopt to enhance patient-centered care (Manias, 2019). This article is relevant in educating healthcare providers about the different ICT options and how to apply these technologies to improve patient care effectiveness and efficiency.

Conclusion

Technology is an integral aspect of patient care, as proven by the evidence. Using technology to improve patient-centered care is associated with various benefits, such as improving health outcomes, reducing the cost of care, improving the patient experience, and improving patient satisfaction. Enhanced communication and engaging the patient in making decisions increases treatment adherence and improves self-management. Therefore, healthcare providers should adopt appropriate information technology that positively impacts patients` outcomes.

References

Downes, E., Horigan, A., & Teixeira, P. (2019). The transformation of health care for patients: Information and communication technology, digiceuticals, and digitally enabled care. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 31(3), 156–161. https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.0000000000000109

Dykes, P. C., Rozenblum, R., Dalal, A., Massaro, A., Chang, F., Clements, M., Collins, S., Donze, J., Fagan, M., Gazarian, P., Hanna, J., Lehmann, L., Leone, K., Lipsitz, S., McNally, K., Morrison, C., Samal, L., Mlaver, E., Schnock, K., … Bates, D. W. (2017). Prospective evaluation of a multifaceted intervention to improve outcomes in intensive care: The promoting respect and ongoing safety through patient engagement communication and technology study. Critical Care Medicine, 45(8), e806–e813. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000002449

Lyles, C. R., Nelson, E. C., Frampton, S., Dykes, P. C., Cemballi, A. G., & Sarkar, U. (2020). Using electronic health record portals to improve patient engagement: Research priorities and best practices. Annals of Internal Medicine, 172(11 Suppl), S123–S129. https://doi.org/10.7326/M19-0876

Manias, E. (2019). A patient-centered care and engagement program in intensive care reduces adverse events and improves patient and care partner satisfaction. Australian Critical Care: Official Journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses, 32(2), 179–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2018.10.001

Penedo, F. J., Oswald, L. B., Kronenfeld, J. P., Garcia, S. F., Cella, D., & Yanez, B. (2020). The increasing value of eHealth in the delivery of patient-centered cancer care. The Lancet Oncology, 21(5), e240–e251. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30021-8

Tebeje, T. H., & Klein, J. (2021). Applications of e-health to support person-centered health care at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Telemedicine Journal and E-Health: The Official Journal of the American Telemedicine Association, 27(2), 150–158. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2020.0201

NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

New technology—and the application of existing technology—only appears in healthcare settings after careful and significant research. The stakes are high, and new clinical systems need to offer evidence of positive impact on outcomes or efficiencies.

Nurse informaticists and healthcare leaders formulate clinical system strategies. As these strategies are often based on technology trends, informaticists and others have then benefited from consulting existing research to inform their thinking.

In this Assignment, you will review existing research focused on the application of clinical systems. After reviewing, you will summarize your findings.

To Prepare for NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

• Review the Resources and reflect on the impact of clinical systems on outcomes and efficiencies within the context of nursing practice and healthcare delivery.
• Conduct a search for recent (within the last 5 years) research focused on the application of clinical systems. The research should provide evidence to support the use of one type of clinical system to improve outcomes and/or efficiencies, such as “the use of personal health records or portals to support patients newly diagnosed with diabetes.”
• Identify and select 5 peer-reviewed articles from your research.

The Assignment: (4-5 pages)

In a 4- to 5-page paper, synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Be sure to address the following:

• Identify the 5 peer-reviewed articles you reviewed, citing each in APA format.
• Summarize each study, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Be specific and provide examples.

NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment; Literature Review Example Solution 2 on Medication Errors

Medication errors are considered one of the most common errors in clinical settings. The barcode medication administration (BCMA) technology has been advocated as an effective system to reduce medication errors.

However, controversial researchers argue that BCMA implementation does not necessarily eliminate administration or dispensing errors, and the system is only as good as the healthcare professionals using them. A gap exists in understanding whether the BCMA reduces administration errors, reducing patient harm.

The following is an annotated bibliography of four articles that examine the impact of BCMA on medication errors and reducing adverse drug effects.

Annotated Bibliography

Barakat, S., & Franklin, B. D. (2020). An evaluation of barcode patient and medication scanning on nursing workflow at a UK teaching hospital. Pharmacy, 8(3), 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030148

Barakat, S., & Franklin (2020) stated that while BCMA is said to reduce medication error, there is missing data on its effect on nursing workflow. Thus, they researched to investigate BCMA’s impact on nursing activity. Data on nursing activity was conducted before and after BCMA implementation in two surgical wards with 24 beds.

Dispensed medication was stored in patient lockers, and stock medication was stored in lockable cabinets. BCMA was implemented in one ward, and the second one became a control group. Researchers found that the timeliness of medication administration did not improve with the implementation of BCMA. BCMA yielded active, positive patient identification, whereby all 43 patients’ identification was checked before drug administration, unlike in the non-BCMA ward, where only 74% were verified.

BCMA enabled positive medication verification, identifying 0.4% of medication errors. Efficiencies noted from the implementation of the BCMA included active, positive patient and medication identification. For instance, even if the patient was in ICU, the nurses could easily identify them to administer the correct medication.

This helped to reduce medication errors. Lessons learned from the article are that BCMA implementation may not decrease drug rotation but increases safety by allowing medication and patient verification. For instance, nurses may take the same amount of time to either identify patients manually using the BCMA. However, nurses’ chances of verifying every patient are low in non-BCMA wards.

Othman, E. H., & Darawad, M. W. (2020). Nurses’ compliance with barcode medication administration technology. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 38(5), 256- 262. https://doi.org/10.1097/cin.0000000000000591

The research aimed to assess the significance of using barcode medication administration technology on medication errors in the in-patient setting. The BCMA technology was implemented in fifty in-patient nursing units between September 2008 to 0ctober 2010. During the study, 500,000 medications were dispensed every month.

Medication errors decreased by 17% during the barcode system implementation. Additionally, reporting of non-medication events increased by 20%. Errors reduced from 37.25 to 21.03 per 100,000 administered medication after the implementation. The researchers also measured adherence to BCMA implementation in nursing. Results showed that adherence was at 70% during implementation, but by post-implementation, adherence was at 94.4%.

The implementation of the BCMA was efficient and reduced medication errors. For instance, nurses could identify the right patient and the right medication, hence eliminating bedside errors. This reduced the medication harm caused to patients. As the medication errors reduced, nurses’ compliance with BCMA also increased. Lessons learned from the article are that the use of technology in the nursing process helps in eliminating medication errors.

By implementing BCMA, nurses follow the principle of the five rights of medication, which include the right patient, right dosage, right routine, right time, and right drug. This is clear because, after implementing BCMA, nurses could administer medication at the right time compared to pre-BCMA implementation. This way, nurses can reduce the harm caused by medication, thus improving the quality of the patient outcome.

Shah, K., Lo, C., Babich, M., Tsao, N. W., & Bansback, N. J. (2016). Bar code medication administration technology: A systematic review of the impact on patient safety when used with computerized prescriber order entry and automated dispensing devices. The Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 69(5). https://doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v69i5.1594

Shah et al. (2016) conducted a systematic review to assess the BCMA impact on medication errors in the medication administration system. Researchers reviewed articles from databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase. Keywords used during the search included bard codes, medication errors, medication system, and hospitals.

Articles that used randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and before and after studies were included. Articles that implemented barcodes outside the hospital were excluded. Of 37 articles, only 5 met the inclusion criteria.

The studies divided errors into near-miss and errors that reach the patients. Researchers found that with BCMA implementation, near-miss errors increased to 90%, which included administration errors. However, there was a 75% reduction in errors reaching the patient.

The use of barcodes increased from 94% to 98%. Findings show that BCMAs were efficient in medication error reduction, hence improving the quality of patient outcomes. However, the major lesson learned is that BCMAs may reduce the harm that reaches the patient.

However, nursing should also be trained in medication dispensing to reduce errors occurring during administration ordering and dispensing. For instance, if nurses do not understand different medicines based on the patient’s age or disease, they will continue making dispensing or ordering errors.

This means that BCMA cannot reduce ordering or dispensing errors but will identify the error right before medication is given to the patient.

Truitt, E., Thompson, R., Blazey-Martin, D., Nisai, D., & Salem, D. (2016). Effect of the implementation of barcode technology and an electronic medication administration record on adverse drug events. Hospital Pharmacy, 51(6), 474-483. https://doi.org/10.1310/hpj5106-474

The research aimed to evaluate the impact of barcode medication administration (BCMA) and electronic medication administration records (e-MAR) on adverse drug events (ADEs). Data on ADEs were taken pre- and post-BCMA and eMAR implementation.

The research was conducted in a 415-bed hospital from 2008 to 2010. A total of 1183 reports were collected throughout the two years and reviewed for accuracy, and a total of 775 reports were analyzed. The number of errors had decreased significantly by 0.20% in ADEs. The number of transcription errors had decreased from 134 to 66, but errors in order writing had increased from 148 to 176.

Researchers also noted that errors occurring in order writing and dispensing did not reach the patient or cause harm. There was no record of ADEs that had caused permanent harm to patients.

The study showed that BCMA and e-MAR technologies reduced medication errors by 20%, from 0.26% to 0.20%. The implementation of BCMA had various efficiencies. BCMA technology alerted the nurses to ensure that medication was given on time.

BCMA implementation encouraged the reporting of more administration errors. Also, even if errors in ordering and transcribing increased, the harm did not get to the patients because the nurses could identify the five rights of medication as they administered medication to patients.

The lesson learned from the article is that BCMA may not reduce medication errors in ordering, transcribing, and dispensing, but it will help nurses identify the right medication, dosage, and patient, ensuring that harm does not reach the patient.

For instance, when the nurse is dispensing medication, he may provide amitriptyline instead of Zoloft. However, the barcode will identify that the patient is supposed to take Zoloft and alarm the error nurse. The article shows that as much as the BCMA can be implemented to reduce medication errors, nurses need to be knowledgeable in using the technology and the right process of ordering medication.

Conclusion for NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

The four research articles have similar conclusions; BCMA implementation reduces medication errors. BCMA may not reduce the dispensing or order writing errors because they occur before screening can be conducted.

However, before medication is provided to the patient, any medication errors can be identified by scanning the bar on the medication and the patient’s band. Thus, harm will not reach the patient. Therefore, BCMA is an effective technology that reduces medication errors and ADEs.

References for NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

• Barakat, S., & Franklin, B. D. (2020). An evaluation of the impact of barcode patient and medication scanning on nursing workflow at a UK teaching hospital. Pharmacy, 8(3), 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030148
• Othman, E. H., & Darawad, M. W. (2020). Nurses’ compliance with barcode medication administration technology. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 38(5), 256- 262. https://doi.org/10.1097/cin.0000000000000591
• Shah, K., Lo, C., Babich, M., Tsao, N. W., & Bansback, N. J. (2016). Bar code medication administration technology: A systematic review of the impact on patient safety when used with computerized prescriber order entry and automated dispensing devices. The Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 69(5). https://doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v69i5.1594
• Truitt, E., Thompson, R., Blazey-Martin, D., Nisai, D., & Salem, D. (2016). Effect of the implementation of barcode technology and an electronic medication administration record on adverse drug events. Hospital Pharmacy, 51(6), 474- 483. https://doi.org/10.1310/hpj5106-474

NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment Rubric Detail

Select Grid View or List View to change the rubric’s layout.
Name: NURS 5051 Module04 Week08 Assignment Rubric

• Excellent
• Good
• Fair
• Poor

In a 4- to 5-page paper, synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Be sure to address the following:

•  Properly identify 5 peer-reviewed articles selected.
• Summarize each study, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described.

Be specific and provide examples. 77 (77%) – 85 (85%)

• The responses accurately and clearly identify 5 peer-reviewed research articles for the Assignment.
• The responses accurately and thoroughly summarize in detail each study reviewed, explaining in detail the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described.

Specific, accurate, and detailed examples are provided which fully support the responses. 68 (68%) – 76 (76%)

• The responses identify 5 peer-reviewed research articles for the Assignment.
• The responses summarize each study reviewed, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described.

Accurate examples are provided which support the responses provided. 60 (60%) – 67 (67%)

• The responses vaguely or inaccurately identify 5 or less peer-reviewed articles for the Assignment.
• The responses summarize each study reviewed, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described that is vague or inaccurate.

Examples provided to support the responses are vague or inaccurate. 0 (0%) – 59 (59%)

• The responses vaguely and inaccurately identify less than 5 peer-reviewed articles for the Assignment, or are missing.
• The responses vaguely and inaccurately summarize each study reviewed, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described, or are missing.
• Examples provided to support the responses are vague and inaccurate, or are missing.

Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

• Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
• Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time. 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)
• Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%- 79% of the time. 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)
• Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time.

Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards:

• Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
• Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
• Contains a few (1-2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)
• Contains several (3-4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)
• Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.

Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

• Uses correct APA format with no errors. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
• Contains a few (1-2) APA format errors. 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)
• Contains several (3-4) APA format errors. 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)
• Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.

Total Points: 100

Name: NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

Learning Resources for NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Media for NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Public Health Informatics [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Accessible player –Downloads–Download Video w/CCDownload AudioDownload Transcript

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Electronic Records and Managing IT Change [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

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NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment Template

The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

This type of assignment is considered an “Annotated Bibliography”. You should review the sample Annotated Bibliography from the writing center to help you complete this assignment. You do not need a reference page as you will cite each article before discussing it. In this assignment, you will review research studies focused on the application of one type of clinical system of your choosing. Listed below are examples of clinical systems:

• Inpatient Electronic Health Records (EHR)
• Outpatient EHRs
• Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE)
• Specialty Systems:
  • Emergency Department Information System
  • ICU Information System
  • Cardiology Information Systems
  • Operating Room Information System
• Ancillary Information Systems
  • Laboratory Information Systems
  • Pharmacy Information Systems
  • Radiology Information Systems
• Electronic Medication Administration Record (eMAR)
• Bar Code Medication Administration (BCMA) Systems,
• Smart Pumps
• Care Planning Systems
• Messaging Systems
• Alerts and Clinical Decision Support Systems
• Telehealth Systems
• Patient Portals
• Patient Tracking Systems
• Remote Monitoring Systems
• Artificial Intelligence Systems
• Patient Education Systems

After selecting one type of clinical system, you will conduct a search for recent (within the last 5 years) research studies that examined the improvement in outcomes and/or efficiencies. These studies need to report on the results of a research study and appear in a scholarly journal, you should not use studies reported in conference proceedings.

The research studies should provide evidence to support the use of the clinical system to improve outcomes and/or efficiencies, such as “the use of personal health records or portals to support patients newly diagnosed with diabetes.”  For example, if you selected patient portals as the clinical system, you would use the following search terms: patient portals and outcomes. Searching on outcomes usually returns results on efficiencies as well.

The Assignment: (4-5 pages)

In a 4- to 5-page paper, synthesize the peer-reviewed research studies you reviewed. Be sure to address the following:

• Identify the 5 peer-reviewed research articles you reviewed, citing each in APA format. The articles should appear in alphabetical order in your paper. After the citation, you would discuss each article.
• For each study, you will briefly summarize the study, explain the improvement to outcomes and/or efficiencies, and discuss lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Be specific and provide examples. Each study should be discussed in approximately one page.

In summary, you need to select one type of clinical system and find 5 current research articles, published in scholarly journals, that examined outcomes and/or efficiencies related to the clinical system you chose. On the next page is the beginning of the shell of the paper. I purposely chose five articles on CPOE that were not current.

NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment Annotated Bibliography

Fortescue, E. B., Kaushal, R., Landrigan, C. P., McKenna, K. J., Clapp, M. D., Federico, F., Goldmann, D. A. & Bates, D. W. (2003). Prioritizing strategies for preventing medication errors and adverse drug events in pediatric inpatients. Pediatrics, 111(4), 722-729.

In the first paragraph you will summarize the study. Briefly describe the aim of the study, the sample and setting, and the methods.

• In the second paragraph you will identify the outcomes and/or efficiencies examined in the study and explain the results related to improvements in the outcomes and/or efficiencies.
• In the third paragraph, you will discuss lessons learned from the findings of the study and relate the lessons learned to the application of the clinical system.

King, W. J., Paice, N., Rangrej, J., Forestell, G. J., & Swartz, R. (2003). The effect of computerized physician order entry on medication errors and adverse drug events in pediatric inpatients. Pediatrics, 112(3), 506-509.

• In the first paragraph you will summarize the study. Briefly describe the aim of the study, the sample and setting, and the methods.
• In the second paragraph you will identify the outcomes and/or efficiencies examined in the study and explain the results related to improvements in the outcomes and/or efficiencies.
• In the third paragraph, you will discuss lessons learned from the findings of the study and relate the lessons learned to the application of the clinical system.

Potts, A. L., Barr, F. E., Gregory, D. F., Wright, L., & Patel, N. R. (2004). Computerized physician order entry and medication errors in a pediatric critical care unit. Pediatrics, 113(1), 59-63.

• In the first paragraph you will summarize the study. Briefly describe the aim of the study, the sample and setting, and the methods.
• In the second paragraph you will identify the outcomes and/or efficiencies examined in the study and explain the results related to improvements in the outcomes and/or efficiencies.
• In the third paragraph, you will discuss lessons learned from the findings of the study and relate the lessons learned to the application of the clinical system.

Upperman, J. S., Staley, P., Friend, K., Neches, W., Kazimer, D., Benes, J., & Wiener, E. S. (2005). The impact of hospitalwide computerized physician order entry on medical errors in a pediatric hospital. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 40(1), 57-59.

• In the first paragraph you will summarize the study.  Briefly describe the aim of the study, the sample and setting, and the methods.
• In the second paragraph you will identify the outcomes and/or efficiencies examined in the study and explain the results related to improvements in the outcomes and/or efficiencies.
• In the third paragraph, you will discuss lessons learned from the findings of the study and relate the lessons learned to the application of the clinical system.

Walsh, K. E., Landrigan, C. P., Adams, W. G., Vinci, R. J., Chessare, J. B., Cooper, M. R., Hebert, P. M, Schainker, E. G., McLaughlin, T. J., & Bauchner, H. (2008). Effect of computer order entry on prevention of serious medication errors in hospitalized children. Pediatrics, 121(3), e421-e427.

• In the first paragraph you will summarize the study.  Briefly describe the aim of the study, the sample and setting, and the methods.
• In the second paragraph you will identify the outcomes and/or efficiencies examined in the study and explain the results related to improvements in the outcomes and/or efficiencies.
• In the third paragraph, you will discuss lessons learned from the findings of the study and relate the lessons learned to the application of the clinical system. NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment

NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment Conclusion

The conclusion should synthesize the major results of all five research studies, examining and relating the findings of all studies to one another.  Do not introduce new ideas in this paragraph; the conclusion should interpret what you have written and what it means in the bigger picture.

Module 5: The Nurse Leader and the System Development Life Cycle (Weeks 9-10)

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Systems Implementation [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

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NURS 5051 Module 04 Literature Review Assignment Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Analyze how inclusion of the nurse in the purchasing of health information technology systems impacts healthcare organizations
• Analyze the impact of nurse inclusion on each step of the systems development life cycle

Due By	Assignment
Week 9, Days 1–2	Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources. Compose your initial Discussion post.
Week 9, Day 3	Post your initial Discussion post. Begin to compose your Assignment.
Week 9, Days 4-5	Review peer Discussion posts. Compose your peer Discussion responses. Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 9, Day 6	Post at least two peer Discussion responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post).
Week 9, Day 7	Wrap up Discussion.
Week 10, Days 1-6	Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 10, Day 7	Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Discussion: The Inclusion of Nurses in the Systems Development Life Cycle

In the media introduction to this module, it was suggested that you as a nurse have an important role in the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).

With a focus on patient care and outcomes, nurses may not always see themselves as contributors to the development of new systems. However, as you may have observed in your own experience, exclusion of nurse contributions when implementing systems can have dire consequences.

In this Discussion, you will consider the role you might play in systems development and the ramifications of not being an active participant in systems development.

To Prepare:

• Review the steps of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) as presented in the Resources.
• Reflect on your own healthcare organization and consider any steps your healthcare organization goes through when purchasing and implementing a new health information technology system.
• Consider what a nurse might contribute to decisions made at each stage of the SDLC when planning for new health information technology.

By Day 3 of Week 9

Post a description of what you believe to be the consequences of a healthcare organization not involving nurses in each stage of the SDLC when purchasing and implementing a new health information technology system. Provide specific examples of potential issues at each stage of the SDLC and explain how the inclusion of nurses may help address these issues.

Then, explain whether you had any input in the selection and planning of new health information technology systems in your nursing practice or healthcare organization and explain potential impacts of being included or not in the decision-making process. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 9

Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days, by offering additional thoughts regarding the examples shared, SDLC-related issues, and ideas on how the inclusion of nurses might have impacted the example described by your colleagues.

*Note: Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

• Week 9 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 9

To participate in this Discussion:

• Week 9 Discussion

Portfolio Assignment: The Role of the Nurse Informaticist in Systems Development and Implementation

Assume you are a nurse manager on a unit where a new nursing documentation system is to be implemented. You want to ensure that the system will be usable and acceptable for the nurses impacted. You realize a nurse leader must be on the implementation team.

To Prepare:

• Review the steps of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and reflect on the scenario presented.
• Consider the benefits and challenges associated with involving a nurse leader on an implementation team for health information technology.

The Assignment: (2-3 pages not including the title and reference page)

In preparation of filling this role, develop a 2- to 3-page role description for a graduate-level nurse to guide his/her participation on the implementation team. The role description should be based on the SDLC stages and tasks and should clearly define how this individual will participate in and impact each of the following steps:

• Planning and requirements definition
• Analysis
• Design of the new system
• Implementation
• Post-implementation support
• Use APA format and include a title page and reference page.
• Use the Safe Assign Drafts to check your match percentage before submitting your work.

By Day 7 of Week 10

Submit your completed Role Description.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

• Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK10Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
• Click the Week 10 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
• Click the Week 10 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
• Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK10Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
• If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
• Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

Module 6 The Inclusion of Nurses in the Systems Development Life Cycle Sample Paper

The Systems Development Life Cycle is a framework that aims at improving care quality through the implementation of clinical information systems. It helps in managing organization project and information flow through planning, implementation, monitoring, and control. In the healthcare systems, nurse informaticists play an important role in the incorporation of SDLC by fusing applications of information technology with clinical nursing care for health improvement purposes from inception to completion of system projects. the SDLC has five main stages: planning and design, implementation, monitoring and control, and maintenance (Ross, 2018). The inclusion of nurses in tall these phases is essential for the best healthcare delivery and patient outcomes.

Nurses’ Roles in Various Phases of SDLC

The planning and designing phase is the most important in ensuring the success of the new IT project systems in an organization. the planning phase requires multidisciplinary teamwork where nurses’ input is required. In this phase, the estimation of costs, timelines, deliverables, and the scope of the new systems are discussed and verified. The nurses, especially nurse informaticists, are well-endowed with technical know-how that is vital in proper planning and designing (Verma & Gupta, 2017). Their exclusion risks the system implementation failure through inappropriate requirement identification and health information-related scope description.

The implementation phase requires the services and input of the nurses. The nurses from the largest care provider group in a healthcare organization. Information system implementation requires translation of the system project scope and plan into action. The nurses are, therefore, the best suited due to their hands-on and quality patient interaction skills. The time nurses spend on caring for patients is well reduced by the introduction of information systems and their inclusion in the actualization of the IT system project plan (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, n.d.a). The exclusion of nurses in the implementation of SDLC risks poor coordination of project plans with the realization of the objectives.

The project monitoring and control phase requires adequate and timely feedback and communication. The nurses have good communication skills that enable their interprofessional cooperation with physicians. When purchasing new information systems, the health organization should consider potential monitors and controllers for quality purposes. Nursing informatics has provided nurses with relevant information technology resources to manage and maintain data flow in the organization (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). Nursing management skills are necessary for quality control and assurance of data management in the new systems (Moghaddasi, 2019). The maintenance depends on the stakeholders involved in the implementation and control phases where nurses’ roles were implicated as well.

My Experience and Contribution

The need for technological advancement in healthcare necessitated my healthcare organization to upgrade the information flow and reduce patient waiting time. Therefore, electronic health records were used to store, manage, share, and retrieve patent information among care providers. I had a role in the implementation phase where collaboration between nurses and the technical team was required. The knowledge and understanding of the application were established during shift reporting and communication of patient lab results.

Conclusion

The nurses form the backbone of direct patient care which also requires ethical, legal, and medical obligations. The nurses’ role in the implementation of new information systems is required because their input complements the technological and administrative requirements. In most cases, the nurses act as foot soldiers in executing and implementing new systems for best quality outcomes. Their roles in planning are also essential in promoting the ethical obligations of advocation for best patient outcomes. Their exclusion also risks project failure due to a lack of coordination from the planning to execution of the system development and maintenance.

References

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (n.d.a). Health IT evaluation toolkit and evaluation measures quick reference guides. Ahrq.Gov. Retrieved January 25, 2021, from https://digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/evaluation-resources/health-it-evaluation-toolkit-and-evaluation-measures-quick-reference
• McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Jones & Bartlett.
• Moghaddasi, H. (2019). Features of nursing management information systems: A systematic review. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2019.21.003582
• Verma, M. P., & Gupta, S. (2017). Software development for nursing: Role of nursing informatics. International Journal of Nursing Education and Research, 5(2), 203. https://doi.org/10.5958/2454-2660.2017.00044.8

Module 6: Policy and Regulation Supporting Informatics and Technology Integration (Week 11)

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Policy and Regulation [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Accessible player  –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript

Learning Objectives

Students will: 

• Evaluate legislative policies and regulations for health and nursing informatics
• Create fact sheets for health and nursing informatics
• Analyze impact of legislative policies and regulations for clinical care, patient/provider interactions, and workflows
• Evaluate healthcare organizational policies and procedures to address legislative policies and regulations

Due By	Assignment
Week 11, Days 1–2	Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources. Begin to compose your Assignment.
Week 11, Days 3-4	Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 11, Day 5	Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Assignment: Policy/Regulation Fact Sheet

As a professional nurse, you are expected to apply your expertise to patient care. On occasion, you will also be expected to share that expertise.

With evolving technology and continuous changes to regulations designed to keep up these changes, there is usually a need to share information and expertise to inform colleagues, leadership, patients, and other stakeholders.

In this Assignment, you will study a recent nursing informatics-related healthcare policy, and you will share the relevant details via a fact sheet designed to inform and educate.

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources on healthcare policy and regulatory/legislative topics related to health and nursing informatics.
• Consider the role of the nurse informaticist in relation to a healthcare organization’s compliance with various policies and regulations, such as the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA).
• Research and select one health or nursing informatics policy (within the past 5 years) or regulation for further study.

The Assignment: (1 page not including the title and reference page)

Create a 1-page fact sheet that your healthcare organization could hypothetically use to explain the health or nursing informatics policy/regulation you selected. Your fact sheet should address the following:

• Briefly and generally explain the policy or regulation you selected.
• Address the impact of the policy or regulation you selected on system implementation.
• Address the impact of the policy or regulation you selected on clinical care, patient/provider interactions, and workflow.
• Highlight organizational policies and procedures that are/will be in place at your healthcare organization to address the policy or regulation you selected. Be specific.
• Use APA format and include a title page, in-text citations, and reference page.
• Use the Safe Assign Drafts to check your match percentage before submitting your work.

Week 11 Assignment

Congratulations! After you have finished all of the assignments for this Module, you have completed the course. Please submit your Course Evaluation by Day 7.

Also read: SOCW 6060 Social Work Theories