West Coast NURS 316L OB Nursing Concept Map

Case study provided in order to fill out the OB concept map.

Case Scenario 2

History of Present Problem:

Maria Sanchez is a 24-year-old prima gravida who delivered Juan, a baby boy by cesarean section two weeks ago. She has been breastfeeding with no problems since he was born.

She developed increasing firmness and swelling in her left breast that is causing increasing pain and noticed that her nipples developed cracks two days ago. She made an appointment to see her obstetrician because she had a fever and chills that began this morning and had breast pain that became “unbearable” whenever she tried to breastfeed.

Personal/Social History:

Maria is newly married and motivated to be a good mom. Before her pregnancy, she had an occasional glass of wine with her meals but has abstained since she found out she was pregnant.

She has six weeks off before she has return to work. Her parents do not live close by and she has few friends because she moved from a different state because of her husband’s job transfer.

Current VS: P-Q-R-S-T Pain Assessment:  
T: 101.1 F/38.4 C (oral) Provoking/Palliative: When infant breastfeeds, patient experiences pain in left breast  
P: 98 (regular) Quality: Sharp  
R: 18 (regular) Region/Radiation: Left breast and left nipple  
BP: 134/86 Severity: 9/10 on 0-10 pain scale  
O2 sat: 98% room air Timing: Especially when infant nurses, but painful to touch at all times  
Current Assessment:
GENERAL APPEARANCE: Calm and cooperative. Winces in pain when left breast is touched. Low transverse abdominal incision healing. Edges well approximated.
RESP: Breath sounds clear with equal aeration bilaterally ant/post, nonlabored respiratory effort
CARDIAC: Pink, warm & dry, no edema, heart sounds regular, tachycardic, with no abnormal beats, pulses strong, equal to palpation at radial/pedal/post-tibial landmarks, brisk cap refill
NEURO: Alert and oriented to person, place, time, and situation (x4)
BUBBLE-HE
BREAST: Lactating; right breast soft, non-tender with evidence of breastmilk. Left breast reddened, warm, painful to touch, small 1 cm fissure present on left nipple
UTERUS: No longer palpable
BLADDER: Voiding without difficulty
BOWELS: Abdomen round, soft/nontender, bowel sounds audible per auscultation in all four quadrants
LOCHIA: Alba
HOMANS: Negative
EPISIOTOMY: Perineum intact
           

 

Diagnostic Results: Complete Blood Count (CBC)
                       WBC                     HGB                 PLTs       % Neuts Bands
Current: 14.6 11.4 152 92 0
Most Recent: 10.7 12.5 188 79 0
                   

Also Read:

Discussion Accused of improperly billing Medicare for treatments

HLT 306 Week 2 Discussions

HCA 322 Week 5 Discussion Question 1

Part 1: Concept Map

West Coast NURS 316L OB Nursing Concept Map

Part 2: Additional Evidence (Narrative)

The concept map includes two care plans linked together to show the need for transition of care and link the outcomes of acute and chronic care. I developed the care plan above using evidence-based information from journal articles, books, and guidelines. Therefore, I believe that the plan is evidence-based. To justify that my plan was based on valuable evidence, I have developed table 1 below to summarize the worth of these sources. Even though I used level VI and VII sources of evidence, they were worthwhile because their evidence was relevant to my clinical issue and they contained newer perspectives of care in acute and chronic care settings. 

Table 1: Justification of the worthiness of my sources

SourceWorthValue
American Diabetes Association (2020)Used to apply the current diabetes guidelines according to American Diabetes AssociationLevel I (evidence-based clinical practice guidelines)
Carpenito (2020)Handbook of nursing diagnosis that was used to determine appropriate NANDA diagnoses for this patientA tertiary source from different sources with varied levels of evidence
Marques et al., (2022)A journal article that applied Orem’s self-care theory to provide different perspectives of nursing diagnosis and care among elderly adultsLevel VI(Evidence from a qualitative study)
Torrens et al. (2020)Provided evidence-based information on the role of nurses in overcoming diabetes care barriers. It came in handy when deciding on intervention for the community care planLevel – moderate (scoping review)A secondary source
Wallia et al. (2020)Provided different care perspectives in an acute setting that was useful in drawing the care plan in the ICUA narrative reviewLevel VII

The plan emphasizes the roles of two key professionals, including a nephrologist and a nurses (critical care nurse and community health nurse). The plan links acute care in the ICU to chronic care in the community through a smooth transition, especially for renal, cardiac, and diabetic care. The need to maintain the outcomes of acute care contribute to the goals of chronic care. This patient has unresolved edema that would need to be addressed in her home care because of the risk of injury and infections. Patient safety and comfort are given priority in this care plan. I focused much on preventing complications and achieving self-care, as determined by my sources. Therefore, I believe that the sources are credible because they are current, relevant, and authoritative.

References

American Diabetes Association. (2020). 15. Diabetes care in the hospital: Standards of Medical Care in diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care, 43(Suppl 1), S193–S202. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-S015

Carpenito, L. J. (2020). Handbook of nursing diagnosis (15th ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health.

Marques, F. R. D. M., Charlo, P. B., Pires, G. A. R., Radovanovic, C. A. T., Carreira, L., & Salci, M. A. (2022). Nursing diagnoses in elderly people with diabetes mellitus according to Orem’s Self-Care Theory. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 75Suppl 4(Suppl 4), e20201171. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-1171

Torrens, C., Campbell, P., Hoskins, G., Strachan, H., Wells, M., Cunningham, M., Bottone, H., Polson, R., & Maxwell, M. (2020). Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the advanced nurse practitioner role in primary care settings: A scoping review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 104(103443), 103443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103443

Wallia, A., Prince, G., Touma, E., El Muayed, M., & Seley, J. J. (2020). Caring for hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, and COVID-19: Bridging the remaining knowledge gaps. Current Diabetes Reports, 20(12), 77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-020-01366-0