PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care Papers

PHI-413V Topic 1 DQ 1

How can the perspective of Christian spirituality influence the way in which you demonstrate compassionate care?

Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to the “Discussion Question Rubric” and “Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively. Read about the next class, NRS 450 Nursing Informatics Topic 1 DQ 1 Here.

PHI-413V Topic 1 DQ 1 Example 1

Religious beliefs and influences have a heavy impact on care delivery as a nurse. Nurses and people as a whole are often influenced by their upbringing, values, religion, culture, and communities in which they are raised, which affects how they treat others, or in a nurse’s case, how they deliver care and treat their patients. (NIH, 2022).

Strong Christian influences that I personally think affect my care delivery to my patients and, in turn, affect my compassionate delivery of care are serving others, having high levels of compassion for those around me, and treating others with dignity and respect. These Christian values heavily influence my everyday care delivery to my patients. When I come to work, having general respect and compassion for others fuels me to do good for my patients and work hard to heal them, and it also influences their healing.

Compassion is a core principle taught to us in the Christian faith, as Jesus was compassionate to those around him as he discipled, especially those who were suffering and ill. This can reflect in nursing care delivery as well. Showing compassion to patients who are sick and not in the best position directly exemplifies Jesus’ teachings of loving thy neighbor and treating others with compassion and respect. (AMA, n.d.). As both a nurse and a Christian, it is essential to remember the influence religion can have on patient care delivery and patient outcomes, and recognizing this can lead to higher patient satisfaction, healing, and job satisfaction.

References

AMA. (n.d.). Incorporating spirituality into healthcare delivery and patient care. AMA Journal of Ethics. https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/incorporating-spirituality-patient-care/2015-05#:~:text=Compassion.,them%20and%20not%20abandon%20them.

National Institutes of Health. (2022). Cultural religious competence in healthcare. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493216/

PHI-413V Topic 1 DQ 1 Example 2

The article “Influence of spirituality and religion on critical care nursing” by Badanta et al. (2022) highlights how understanding a patient’s spiritual or religious beliefs can deepen healthcare professionals’ awareness of their motivations. Spirituality and religion often play a significant role in shaping behaviors, both for patients and providers. Recognizing the spiritual or religious moral foundations that influence care-seeking decisions, from end-of-life choices to contraception, is vital for delivering holistic, patient-centered care (Shelly et al., 2021).

From a Christian perspective, each patient is seen as a child of God, deserving of understanding and compassion that reflects a Christ-like approach (Badanta et al., 2022). A Christian nurse believes that nature itself can reveal the presence of God, sometimes through words but often through silent, meaningful actions (Pfeiffer, 2018). By using language that encourages patients to take an active role in their healing journey, nurses can embody the invisible love of God, fostering relationships built on shared responsibility and mutual accountability (Shelly et al., 2021).

For example, a nurse dedicated to Christian care understands that actions often speak louder than words. By listening closely to what matters most to the patient, the nurse gains insight into their physical and spiritual state. From a Christian viewpoint, this demonstrates that God is present, attentive, and deeply invested in the patient’s well-being, even if the patient is not yet ready to fully engage in their healing process at that moment (Badanta et al., 2022). This approach emphasizes the importance of meeting patients where they are and offering care that is both compassionate and spiritually attuned. By integrating these principles, nurses can create a healing environment that respects patients’ beliefs while fostering trust and partnership in their care journey (Shelly et al., 2021).

References

Badanta, B., Rivilla‐García, E., Lucchetti, G., & de Diego‐Cordero, R. (2022). The influence of spirituality and religion on critical care nursing: An integrative review. Nursing in Critical Care, 27(3), 348-366. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nicc.12645

Shelly, J. A., Miller, A. B., & Fenstermacher, K. H. (2021). Called to care: A Christian vision for nursing. InterVarsity Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=67QSEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP9&dq=Strategies+Christian+nurses+use+to+create+a+healing+environment&ots=-rGqONToYQ&sig=z1OxAKWhmUdxAgXoCbBSrqUnkiw

PHI 413V Topic 1 DQ 2

From the perspective of Christian spirituality and ethics, what is your understanding of compassionate caring that informs your approach to health and healing?

American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education
This assignment aligns with the AACN Core Competency: 9.2

PHI 413V Topic 1 DQ 2 Example 1

Compassionate caring, from the perspective of Christian spirituality and ethics, is rooted in the belief that all individuals are made in the image of God and deserve dignity, respect, and love. This perspective informs my approach to health and healing by emphasizing selfless service, empathy, and the holistic well-being of each person. Christian spirituality teaches that caring for others is a reflection of Christ’s love (Bradford, 2023). The biblical mandate in Matthew 25:40, where Jesus states, “Whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me,” underscores the call to serve with compassion. This means seeing each patient not just as a diagnosis but as a person with physical, emotional, and spiritual needs.

Ethically, compassionate caring aligns with principles of justice, beneficence, and nonmaleficence. Justice calls for equitable treatment of all patients, regardless of their background or circumstances. Beneficence requires actions that promote the well-being of others, and nonmaleficence ensures that harm is minimized. Christian ethics further emphasize humility, integrity, and accountability in patient care, ensuring that decisions are made with honesty and a commitment to the patient’s best interest.

In practice, compassionate caring means listening actively, advocating for vulnerable populations, and providing comfort to those who are suffering. It also means recognizing the interconnectedness of physical, mental, and spiritual health, offering holistic care that acknowledges a patient’s faith and values (Cota et al., 2024). Healing, from this perspective, is not solely about curing disease but also about restoring hope and dignity. Whether through prayer, presence, or medical intervention, compassionate caring embodies love in action.

References

Bradford, K. L. (2023). The nature of religious and spiritual needs in palliative care patients, carers, and families and how they can be addressed from a specialist spiritual care perspective. Religions, 14(1), 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14010125

Cota, M., Jr., & de la Torre, V. (Eds.). (2024). Practicing dignity: An introduction to Christian values and decision-making in health care (3rd ed.). Grand Canyon University.

PHI 413V Topic 1 DQ 2 Example 2

Compassionate Caring Through a Christian Ethical Lens

Compassionate caring, from the perspective of Christian spirituality and ethics, is deeply rooted in the belief that every human being possesses inherent dignity and worth. This perspective informs an approach to health and healing that prioritizes holistic care, selfless service, and a commitment to alleviating suffering. Christian spirituality calls for a model of care that not only addresses physical illness but also nurtures emotional and spiritual well-being, recognizing that healing extends beyond the body.

A central tenet of compassionate caring in Christian ethics is the understanding that all people are created in the image of God. This belief shapes how healthcare providers engage with patients, ensuring that every person—regardless of their circumstances—is treated with respect and kindness. Bogue and Hogan (2020) emphasize the importance of upholding dignity in healthcare settings, particularly when working with vulnerable populations. This means taking the time to listen, providing care with patience, and treating each individual as more than just a medical case. For example, when working with patients facing chronic illness, a spiritually informed approach would involve not only managing symptoms but also addressing feelings of fear, grief, and uncertainty.

Christian spirituality also encourages caregivers to embody Christ-like love in their interactions. The Gospel in Matthew 25:40 emphasizes serving others with humility and compassion where Jesus teaches that caring for those in need is akin to serving Him (Bible Gateway, 2011). In a healthcare setting, this might manifest in simple yet profound ways, such as offering a reassuring presence to a frightened patient, advocating for those who cannot speak for themselves, or ensuring that end-of-life care respects the emotional and spiritual needs of both patients and their families. Compassionate caring in this sense is not just about medical interventions—it is about being fully present and engaged in the healing journey of each patient.

Additionally, the Christian ethical framework informs a caregiver’s responsibility to act with integrity and justice. The principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence—doing good and avoiding harm—are central to Christian bioethics (Varkey, 2020). Healthcare professionals are called to provide care that enhances well-being while also protecting the vulnerable. This might involve difficult ethical decisions, such as balancing patient autonomy with medical recommendations or navigating moral dilemmas in end-of-life care. A spiritually guided approach ensures that such decisions are made with compassion, wisdom, and a deep respect for human life.

Ultimately, compassionate caring in Christian spirituality and ethics is about honoring the whole person—body, mind, and spirit. It calls for a practice of healthcare that is rooted in love, dignity, and service, ensuring that patients not only receive treatment but also experience a sense of peace, hope, and human connection throughout their healing process.

References

Bible Gateway. (2011). Matthew 25:40 NIV – – bible gateway. Www.biblegateway.com. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2025%3A40&version=NIV

Bogue, D., & Hogan, M. (2020). Practicing dignity: An introduction to christian values and decision making in health care. Lc.gcumedia.com. https://lc.gcumedia.com/phi413v/practicing-dignity-an-introduction-to-christian-values-and-decision-making-in-health-care/v1.1/#/chapter/1

Varkey, B. (2020). Principles of clinical ethics and their application to practice. Medical Principles and Practice, 30(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509119

PHI 413V Topic 1 DQ 2 Example 3

It’s fascinating to see how deeply religion and spirituality can influence a patient’s health and overall well-being. Holistic care reminds us that humans are multidimensional beings physical, psychological, social, and spiritual, and addressing spiritual needs is just as crucial as treating physical ailments (Sulmasy, 2024). Everyone has spiritual needs, whether they’re healthy or facing illness. Spiritual care is all about empowering individuals through meaningful interventions: helping them cope with stress, offering counseling, interpreting life events, and providing a listening ear or belief support. At its core, spiritual care begins with compassion and connection (Guo et al., 2024).

For nurses, this means building safe, trusting relationships with patients, showing empathy, and truly listening to their concerns and values. It also involves understanding how a patient’s religious beliefs shape their perception of illness and supporting those beliefs in a way that feels authentic to them (Guo et al., 2024). These small but powerful acts of compassion can work wonders boosting patient satisfaction, speeding up recovery, and even reducing hospital stays and treatment costs. Scholars emphasize that spiritual nursing care is about nurturing the human spirit through meaningful connections, fostering a sense of interconnectedness between nurse and patient to promote spiritual health (Sulmasy, 2024).

A great example of this comes from a study on neonatal nurses, who actively engaged in spiritual care practices for parents with identified spiritual needs. Nearly 88% of the nurses in the study paid close attention to what was sacred to parents, whether it was religious items like rosary beads, crosses, or inspirational texts, or even symbolic objects like a red string on a baby’s wrist (Sulmasy, 2024). These thoughtful gestures show how spiritual care can be woven into everyday nursing practice, creating a healing environment that honors the whole person body, mind, and spirit. It’s a beautiful reminder that sometimes, the smallest acts of compassion can have the biggest impact (Guo et al., 2024).

References

Guo, W., Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, R., Qi, W., Deng, J., & Cui, J. (2024). Competence and perceptions of spiritual care among clinical nurses: A multicentre cross‐sectional study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 33(4), 1432-1443. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jocn.16932

Sulmasy, D. P. (2024). Physicians, spirituality, and compassionate patient care. New England Journal of Medicine, 390(12), 1061-1063. https://spiritualityandhealth.duke.edu/files/2024/03/CSTH-Newsletter_April_2024.pdf

PHI 413V Topic 1 Worldview Analysis and Personal Inventory

This assignment will introduce you to the concept of worldview. It will also provide you with a fundamental understanding of Christian spirituality that looks to the union of body, mind, soul, and spirit, along with how those beliefs inform a unique ethical awareness and decision-making in professional practice. In addition, you will gain knowledge about your own personal beliefs, according to your own worldview.

After reading topic Resources, you will complete the “Worldview Analysis and Personal Inventory” document, which includes prompts related to the following:

Christian perspective of the nature of spirituality and ethics
Scientism and two of the main arguments against it
Ultimate reality
Nature (origin) of the universe
What it means to be a human being and purpose in your existence
What knowledge is and sources of knowledge
Ethics and where the knowledge of right and wrong comes from
Purpose of human life and existence
Influence of personal worldview values in decision-making within current or future professional practice

Support your response using only Chapter 1 from the textbook Practicing Dignity: An Introduction to Christian Values and Decision-Making in Health Care and two other Topic 1 Resources.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

PHI 413 Topic 2 DQ 1

How can the Christian concept of the imago Dei inform a holistic perspective of the patient within their family and community?

Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “Discussion Question Rubric” and “Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively.

American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education
This assignment aligns with AACN Core Competencies: 2.3

PHI 413 Topic 2 DQ 1 Example 1

The Christian concept of imago Dei, meaning that all humans are created in the image of God, has profound implications for understanding and treating patients. The belief that each person bears the image of God affirms their inherent dignity and worth (Bogue et al., 2025). This perspective encourages healthcare providers to see patients not merely as cases or diseases, but as whole individuals with unique stories, backgrounds, and potential. If individuals are created in the image of God, then relationships become foundational to human existence.

Understanding the fundamental worth of every individual can empower patients and their families to take an active role in their healthcare decisions. The imago Dei encourages a holistic view of health that encompasses not only physical and mental well-being but also spiritual health. By recognizing that patients are spiritual beings, healthcare providers can consider and address spiritual needs, which can be critical to comprehensive healing. For many patients, health and spirituality are interconnected. Healthcare providers who acknowledge and honor a patient’s spiritual beliefs can facilitate more personalized care, including referral to pastoral care services or spiritual counseling when needed. The imago Dei invites caregivers to approach every patient with empathy and compassion, seeing in them the image of God. This fosters a compassionate care environment where patients feel valued and respected, potentially improving health outcomes (Grant, 2024).

References

Bogue, D., Cota Jr, M., De La Torre, V., & Hogan, M. (2025). Practicing Dignity: An Introduction to Christian Values and Decision-Making in Health Care. Bibliu.com; My App. https://bibliu.com/app/?bibliuMagicToken=cRoUOflmRg7DFDQiQk3rLZKKSIkUwIMR#/view/books/B1B4SGSSID7LR/epub/Chapter1.html#page_52

Grant, D. (2024, May 7). Frontline caretakers understand the holiness of vulnerable strangers better than anyone. America Magazine. https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-society/2024/05/07/health-care-spirituality-imago-dei-247800

PHI 413 Topic 2 DQ 1 Example 2

The Imago Dei and Holistic Patient Care in Family and Community

The Christian doctrine of imago Dei, which posits that humans are made in God’s image, significantly shapes a comprehensive view of the patient within their familial and communal context. This doctrine emphasizes that each person possesses intrinsic dignity and worth, regardless of their health status, socioeconomic background, or cognitive abilities (Stahl & Kilner, 2017). Such an understanding extends beyond the individual, shaping the way healthcare professionals, families, and communities provide care.

A holistic perspective in healthcare appreciates the strong link between the physical, emotional, spiritual, and social dimensions of a patient’s well-being. The imago Dei reinforces this approach by affirming that human value is not dependent on functional capacities but rather on the inherent worth given by God (White & De La Torre, 2022). This is particularly relevant in the care of patients with chronic illnesses, disabilities, or terminal conditions, where medical interventions alone may not suffice. In these cases, spiritual and emotional support, provided by both family members and the broader community, is essential to maintaining the dignity of the patient.

In the family setting, the imago Dei calls for compassionate caregiving that respects the patient’s autonomy while ensuring their holistic needs are met. In cases involving patients with disabilities, for instance, this theological foundation demands that caregivers see beyond physical limitations to recognize the full humanity of the individual (Watt, 2020). The concept of relationality, as emphasized by Christian theology, suggests that human beings thrive in relationships that reflect God’s love and justice. This means that families play a critical role in fostering environments of acceptance, advocating for equitable access to care, and ensuring that patients do not experience isolation or neglect.

Within the community, the imago Dei informs the moral obligation to uphold human dignity in healthcare policies and practices. The biblical principle that each life has sacred worth challenges societal tendencies to prioritize medical resources based on perceived utility or productivity (Stahl & Kilner, 2017). This has direct implications for addressing healthcare disparities, particularly for marginalized populations, including the elderly, individuals with intellectual disabilities, and those from low-income backgrounds. By integrating this understanding into community health initiatives, churches, advocacy groups, and policymakers can promote a culture of care that aligns with the Christian view of human value.

Moreover, a holistic perspective rooted in the imago Dei opposes a reductionist approach to medicine that treats patients as mere biological systems. It calls for healthcare professionals to engage in ethical decision-making that considers the spiritual and existential dimensions of illness (Bogue et al., 2024). For example, palliative care grounded in this framework does not solely focus on symptom management but also addresses the emotional and spiritual suffering of patients and their families. This ensures that end-of-life care upholds dignity, provides comfort, and reinforces the patient’s value as a person created in God’s image.

References

Nathan H. White and Valerie De La Torre (2022). Practicing dignity an introduction to christian values and decision-making in health care (Third Edition, p. Chapter Two). Grand Canyon University.

Stahl, D., & Kilner, J. F. (2017). The image of god, bioethics, and persons with profound intellectual disabilities. The Journal of the Christian Institute on Disability. JCID6.1-6.2-Article-D.Stahl_J.Kilner-ImageofGodBioethicsandPWIDs.pdf

Watt, H. (2020). The dignity of human life: Sketching out an “equal worth” approach. Philpapers, 36. https://philpapers.org/archive/WATTDO-32.pdf

PHI 413 Topic 2 DQ 2

How does your worldview of human value affect your beliefs about bioethical issues, such as abortion, designer babies, and stem cell research?

PHI 413 Topic 2 DQ 2 Example 1

My worldview of human value as a Christian aligns with the belief that every individual has intrinsic worth and dignity that has been given by God. “For Christians, God as the Creator has the last word regarding the worth of each human being, and God has already spoken regarding each one, making clear that each has intrinsic worth because each is created by God and bears God’s image” (Bogue et al., 2022, p. 111). I believe that life is valuable from its earliest stages and that the potential life of the unborn child deserves significant moral consideration. “I knew you before I formed you in the womb; I set you apart for me before you were born; I appointed you to be a prophet to the nations” (Jerimiah 1:5).

I believe that life holds intrinsic value from the earliest point of conception and that the potential life of an unborn child merits profound moral consideration. and is inherently valuable. An unborn child has unique DNA, distinct from the mother and father, and is created by God. Concerning the topic of designer babies, where genetic engineering selects specific traits, raises issues of human equality and the natural diversity that characterizes our species. I believe that manipulating human genetics for non-therapeutic purposes could exacerbate social inequalities among those without genetically engineered traits.

In my opinion, employing genetic technology ethically involves using it to prevent or treat serious medical conditions. Stem cell research offers immense potential for treating and curing diseases, but my concern centers on the use of stem cells derived from the destruction of embryos. Just because we have the technology to do something, we have the ethical responsibility to ask if should we do it. Because of my belief in the intrinsic value of human life, I support the advancement of alternative methods of stem cell research that do not involve the destruction of embryos such as Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells. “IPS cells do not result in the death of any embryos or require the use of unfertilized eggs” (Alternative Stem, 2025). This harmonizes scientific advancement with the reverence for human life.

References

Alternative stem cell sources. stemcell.nd.edu. (2025). https://stemcell.nd.edu/research/alternative-stem-cell-sources/

Bible gateway passage: Jeremiah 1:5 – international standard version. www.biblegateway.com. (2014). https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+1%3A5&version=ISV

Bogue, D. W., Cota, M., De La Torre, V. J., Evans, K. A., Hoehner, P. J., Hogan, M., & White, N. H. (2022). Practicing Dignity: An Introduction to Christian Values and Decision-Making in Health Care (Third Edition). bibliu.com. https://bibliu.com/app/?bibliuMagicToken=xJick1JrITeSoMk4h11p1ophJXbYClOm#/view/books/B1B4SGSSID7LR/epub/Chapter1.html#page_111

PHI 413 Topic 2 DQ 2 Example 2

An individual’s perspective on human value significantly impacts their position on bioethical matters, including abortion, designer babies, and stem cell research. From a Christian viewpoint, humans are fashioned in the image of God (imago Dei) (Genesis 1:27), signifying that all human life—irrespective of stage or condition—possesses intrinsic worth and dignity (Shelly & Miller, 2021). This conviction influences ethical deliberations and frequently results in a pro-life position on abortion, ethical apprehensions around genetic changes, and moral prudence in stem cell research.

A Christian perspective on abortion asserts that life commences at conception (Psalm 139:13-16). Many Christians reject abortion, asserting that it infringes upon the sanctity of life, as every human being is seen as valued. Nonetheless, ethical considerations may emerge in instances of maternal health hazards or fetal abnormalities.

Designer babies, or genetic changes aimed at enhancing features, evoke concerns over the ethical implications of manipulating human genetics and prioritizing human desires above natural evolution (Kilner, 2019). Although genetic therapies may assist in illness prevention, modifying human features for non-medical purposes presents ethical and social justice dilemmas.

The discourse in stem cell research focuses on the utilization of embryonic stem cells, which some contend entails the destruction of human life. Nonetheless, adult stem cell research and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) present ethical alternatives that correspond with a pro-life viewpoint while promoting medicinal advancements (Kilner, 2019).

A worldview that champions human dignity and intrinsic value necessitates ethical discernment, ensuring that scientific progress honors life rather than commercializes it.

References

Kilner, J. F. (2019). Dignity and destiny: Humanity in the image of God. Eerdmans.

Shelly, J. A., & Miller, A. B. (2021). Called to care: A Christian worldview for nursing (3rd ed.). InterVarsity Press.

PHI 413 Topic 2 Assignment – Moral Status: Case Analysis

This assignment will focus on introducing you to the question of human dignity and, in particular, the Christian perspective of the intrinsic worth and value of each person. You will have the opportunity to integrate this insight with scientific and philosophical approaches that inform judgements made in health care and contrast it with secular approaches to human value and worth. The logic of human rights will be made explicit as you engage with different concepts of “moral status.”

Based on your reading of the “Case Study: Fetal Abnormality” and topic Resources, complete the “Moral Status: Case Analysis” document, in which you will analyze the case study in relation to the following:

Christian view of the nature of human persons, theory of moral status, intrinsic human value, and dignity
Theory or theories used by individuals in the case to determine the moral status
How each theory used determines or influences recommendations for action
Moral status theory personal response
Integration of knowledge in health care (theories, multiple ways of knowing, evidence) and knowledge from other disciplines inform and support current or future professional health care practices and judgements

Support your response using only Chapter 2 from the textbook Practicing Dignity: An Introduction to Christian Values and Decision-Making in Health Care and the Topic 2 Resource “The Image of God, Bioethics, and Persons With Profound Intellectual Disabilities.”

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education
This assignment aligns with AACN Core Competencies: 1.3

Attachments

PHI-413V-RS-T2MoralStatusCaseAnalysis.docx

PHI-413V-RS-T2CaseStudyFetalAbnormality.docx

Moral Status: Case Analysis Example

Student Name:

After reading of the “Case Study: Fetal Abnormality” and the specific moral status theories in the topic Resources, respond to the following prompts, using only citations from the case and topic Resources:

Based on the case and specific moral status theories in the topic Resources, in 450-500 words, what is the Christian view of the nature of human persons, and which theory of moral status is it compatible with? How is this related to the intrinsic human value and dignity?

The Christian view of human persons is rooted in the belief that all individuals are created in the Imago Dei, granting them inherent dignity and moral worth. This perspective holds that human life is sacred, irrespective of physical or cognitive abilities. Christian ethics emphasize that personhood is not defined by functionality, rationality, or autonomy but by God’s inherent value bestowed upon each individual (Cota et al., 2024). This understanding directly influences discussions on moral status and healthcare decision-making, particularly in cases involving fetal abnormalities.

Among the various theories of moral status, the human properties theory aligns most closely with the Christian worldview. This theory asserts that moral status is conferred simply by being human, regardless of developmental stage, disability, or potential quality of life. Unlike other theories, such as cognitive theory, which bases moral status on rational capacities, or sentience theory, which ties worth to the ability to experience pain or pleasure, the human properties theory aligns with Christian teaching by affirming that every human being possesses inherent moral value from conception to natural death. This view is crucial in the case of Jessica and Marco, as their unborn child’s condition challenges societal perspectives on quality of life, burden, and viability.

The physician, Dr. Wilson, presents abortion as a scientifically and medically reasonable option based on a utilitarian outlook that prioritizes potential suffering and economic hardship. However, from a Christian perspective, the child retains full moral status despite its disabilities. Christianity does not measure dignity by function or utility but by divine ordination (Cota et al., 2024). The intrinsic worth of the fetus is equal to that of any other person, affirming the belief that life, even with disabilities, should be protected and nurtured. Additionally, the intrinsic human value and dignity derived from the Christian view opposes a purely consequentialist or pragmatic approach to healthcare decisions.

The relational theory of moral status, which posits that relationships and community influence moral worth, can also be integrated with the Christian perspective. This theory suggests that dignity and worth are reinforced through love, responsibility, and interdependence. Marco’s concerns about financial stability and Aunt Maria’s religious conviction highlight the tensions between practical concerns and moral obligations. The Christian ethic, however, calls for trust in God’s providence and the recognition that all life, regardless of disability, holds a divine purpose. The theological foundation in Imago Dei further underscores the importance of compassion and care for the vulnerable.

Stahl and Kilner (2017) reinforce that personhood is not contingent on cognitive ability, physical perfection, or societal contribution. It argues that seeing individuals through the lens of divine creation mandates a duty of care, love, and protection, particularly for those who cannot advocate for themselves. This perspective challenges the secular notion that terminating a pregnancy due to disability is a justifiable medical choice. Instead, it affirms that all human life, including that of the unborn child, is valuable and deserving of care.

Based on the case, in 200-250 words, which specific moral status theory or theories from the topic Resources are being used by Jessica, Marco, Maria, and Dr. Wilson to determine the moral status of the fetus? What from the case study specifically leads you to believe that they hold the theory or each of the theories you identified?

The human properties theory is the most relevant moral status theory reflected in the case study. This theory asserts that moral status is granted simply by virtue of being human, regardless of cognitive abilities, physical development, or functional capacities. It aligns with Jessica’s internal conflict and moral reasoning as she struggles to balance her socioeconomic challenges with her belief that all human life is sacred. Jessica’s hesitation about abortion and her emotional reaction to the diagnosis suggest that she views the fetus as having intrinsic worth.

She does not dismiss its life based on its disabilities but instead considers the ethical weight of terminating the pregnancy (Grand Canyon University, 2020). Her distress over the situation implies that she acknowledges the fetus’s humanity and moral status, even in the face of practical difficulties. Although Marco is concerned about financial hardship and the burden of raising a disabled child, he ultimately defers to Jessica’s decision, indicating that he also recognizes the fetus as having inherent moral worth. His struggle reflects an internal conflict between economic reality and an underlying acknowledgment of the fetus’s personhood.

Aunt Maria’s plea for Jessica to follow “what God intends” further reinforces the human properties theory by emphasizing that the fetus’s worth is not determined by its physical condition but by its humanity. She believes that all human life, regardless of disabilities, is valuable and should be protected. Dr. Wilson, however, challenges this perspective by implying that the fetus’s disabilities diminish its quality of life and that abortion is a reasonable alternative. His stance contrasts with the human properties theory, suggesting that the fetus’s moral status is conditional rather than inherent.

Based on the case and specific moral status theories in the topic Resources, in 200-250 words, how does the theory or each of the theories they used determine or influence each individual’s recommendation for action?

Jessica’s belief in the sanctity of life leads her to struggle with the decision, as she recognizes the fetus’s inherent moral worth despite its disabilities. Her hesitation to immediately accept abortion as a solution suggests that she sees the fetus as a full human being deserving of protection. This perspective makes her more inclined to continue the pregnancy, even though she acknowledges the economic and emotional challenges involved. While concerned about financial stability, Marco ultimately supports whatever decision Jessica makes. His internal conflict suggests he does not dismiss the fetus’s moral status (Grand Canyon University, 2020).

While he initially views the pregnancy as a burden, his willingness to defer to Jessica implies that he acknowledges the fetus’s intrinsic worth, which influences his reluctance to insist on abortion as the best option. Aunt Maria strongly believes that all human life is sacred, leading her to advocate for Jessica to continue the pregnancy. Her plea for Jessica to follow what God intends stems from the belief that the fetus is fully human and deserves the right to life. This belief makes abortion an unacceptable option in her view. Dr. Wilson, who does not adhere to the human properties theory, instead implies that the fetus’s disabilities diminish its moral status. His recommendation for abortion is influenced by a more utilitarian or cognitive properties perspective, suggesting that life with disabilities is less valuable. This contrast in viewpoints creates ethical tension within the case.

Based on the case and specific moral status theory or theories from the topic Resources, in 200-250 words, what theory do you personally agree with and why? How would that theory determine or influence your recommended action in a similar situation?

The relational theory of moral status aligns with my perspective because it emphasizes that relationships and interdependence shape moral worth. This theory asserts that an individual’s moral status is not solely based on biological existence or cognitive ability but is instead influenced by their connections with others. In this case, the fetus’s moral worth is derived from its relationship with Jessica, Marco, and their broader community. Applying this theory to the case, the moral significance of the fetus is not just inherent but is also shaped by Jessica’s role as its mother and the responsibilities she holds toward it. Jessica’s deep emotional struggle suggests that she already perceives a strong bond with her unborn child, reinforcing the fetus’s moral status.

Marco’s concerns about economic security highlight the social and financial pressures that affect this relationship, while Aunt Maria’s plea for Jessica to continue the pregnancy reflects a belief that family and faith should guide moral decision-making (Grand Canyon University, 2020). If faced with a similar situation, I would emphasize the importance of strengthening these relationships through open communication and support systems. Instead of isolating Jessica from this decision, I would encourage family involvement, counseling, and resources that help her understand the role of community in raising a child with disabilities. Rather than focusing solely on medical prognosis, this theory would guide my recommendation toward fostering a supportive environment that acknowledges the fetus’s moral status through its relational ties and the love and care it is already receiving.

Based on the case and topic Resources, in 200-250 words, how does the integration of knowledge in health care (theories, multiple ways of knowing, evidence) and knowledge from other disciplines inform and support your current or future professional health care practices and judgements regarding moral status issues?

The integration of theories, multiple ways of knowing, and interdisciplinary knowledge play a critical role in shaping healthcare decisions, particularly in moral status issues. Ethical dilemmas, such as those in the Fetal Abnormality case, require a balanced approach considering ethical theories, medical evidence, social determinants, and cultural influences. Moral status theories, such as the human properties theory and relational theory, provide frameworks for assessing the inherent value of human life. Understanding these theories allows healthcare professionals to navigate complex ethical decisions with clarity and consistency. For instance, applying the relational theory reinforces the importance of family and societal support in guiding patients toward morally and emotionally informed choices.

Additionally, multiple ways of knowing, including empirical knowledge from scientific evidence, ethical reasoning from moral philosophy, personal knowledge from individual experiences, and aesthetic knowledge from patient narratives, help nurses and providers make compassionate, patient-centered decisions. In the case of fetal abnormality, integrating biomedical knowledge on congenital conditions, psychosocial factors affecting the family, and cultural and religious beliefs enhances ethical decision-making. Interdisciplinary knowledge from bioethics, theology, psychology, and social work further supports professional judgment.

For example, a nurse informed by bioethics can engage in ethical consultations, while knowledge from psychology helps address emotional distress. Understanding social work principles allows families to connect with resources to support their decisions. In my future healthcare practice, integrating these perspectives will enable me to provide holistic, ethical, and patient-centered care, ensuring that moral status considerations are handled with compassion, respect, and informed judgment.

References

Cota, M., Jr., & de la Torre, V. (Eds.). (2024). Practicing dignity: An introduction to Christian values and decision-making in health care (3rd ed.). Grand Canyon University.

Grand Canyon University. (2020). Case Study: Fetal Abnormality

Stahl, D., & Kilner, J. (2017). The image of God, bioethics, and persons with profound intellectual disabilities. Journal of Christian Institute on Disability, 6(1–2), 19-40.

PHI 413 Topic 3: Biomedical Ethics in the Christian Narrative

Describe the four principles and four boxes approach to biomedical ethics.
Describe how the four principles and four boxes approach would be applied according to the Christian worldview.

PHI 413 Topic 3 DQ 1

The four principles of biomedical ethics, especially in the context of bioethics in the United States, have often been critiqued for raising the principle of autonomy to the highest place, such that it trumps all other principles or values. Based on your worldview, how do you rank the importance of each of the four principles in order to protect the health and safety of diverse populations?

American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education
This assignment aligns with AACN Core Competencies: 3.1

PHI 413 Topic 3 DQ 1 Example 1

Reevaluating Autonomy – A Balanced Approach to Biomedical Ethics

The four principles of biomedical ethics—autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice—are the backbone of ethical decision-making in healthcare. However, in the United States, autonomy is often placed above the others, sometimes at the expense of collective well-being. While patient self-determination is crucial, ethical decision-making must strike a balance between individual rights and the greater good. From a worldview shaped by the imago Dei, which affirms the dignity of all human life, prioritizing holistic well-being and justice ensures ethical integrity.

The principle of nonmaleficence, or “do no harm,” should be the bedrock of medical ethics. In healthcare, avoiding harm is paramount because it builds trust between patients and providers. Every medical intervention carries some level of risk, but ethical practice requires ensuring that the benefits outweigh the potential harm (Varkey, 2020). Upholding nonmaleficence is especially vital in protecting vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, individuals with disabilities, and those with limited decision-making capacity.

Closely linked to nonmaleficence, beneficence underscores the responsibility to promote well-being and act in the patient’s best interest (Hoehner et al., 2022). Medicine exists to heal and relieve suffering thereby making beneficence a guiding force in ethical practice. However, it must be carefully balanced with nonmaleficence to prevent unintended harm. If beneficence is prioritized without considering the patient’s input, it risks becoming paternalistic, where healthcare providers make decisions without fully respecting the patient’s values and autonomy.

Justice ensures fair distribution of healthcare resources and ethical treatment of all individuals, regardless of socioeconomic status, race, or other demographic factors (Olejarczyk & Young, 2024). In a pluralistic society like the United States, justice is crucial for addressing healthcare disparities and ensuring equitable access to medical care. Ethical dilemmas often arise in resource allocation, as seen in organ transplantation and access to high-cost treatments. Justice prevents autonomy from becoming a privilege for the few while others suffer due to systemic inequities.

While autonomy is an essential ethical principle, it should not supersede all others. Autonomy must be exercised within the bounds of beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. Patients have the right to make informed decisions, but absolute autonomy can lead to ethical conflicts. For example, patients may refuse lifesaving treatments based on misinformation or cultural beliefs. Furthermore, extreme emphasis on autonomy can undermine medical professionalism. This can reduce physicians to mere service providers rather than ethical agents.

In sum, a balanced ethical framework must integrate all four principles while recognizing their interplay. Nonmaleficence and beneficence should take precedence to protect patient well-being, followed by justice to ensure fairness. Autonomy remains crucial but should not be the highest principle when it conflicts with the broader ethical and societal good.

References

Hoehner, P. J., Cota Jr, M., & De La Torre, V. (2022). Practicing dignity an introduction to christian values and decision-making in health care (Third Edition, p. Chapter 3). Grand Canyon University.

Olejarczyk, J., & Young, M. (2024, May 6). Patient rights and ethics. National Library of Medicine; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538279/

Varkey, B. (2020). Principles of clinical ethics and their application to practice. Medical Principles and Practice, 30(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509119

PHI 413 Topic 3 DQ 1 Example 2

Based on my worldview, I would rank the four principles of biomedical ethics in order of importance as: beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice and respect for autonomy. I start with the broadest concept to adhere to. In this case it is beneficence, the principle allows for only good or benefit. In this principle, there is a benefit versus risk conflict (Lawrence, 2007). If the treatment will not benefit a person, it will not be considered. There are often degrees of benefit which causes a less clear picture.

Nonmaleficence is the opposite principle from beneficence (Lawrence, 2007). When exploring this principle it is a deficit versus risk conflict. Because no medical treatment is not without both, risk vs benefit and deficit are very closely related. Next is the principle is justice. The question of the availability of the treatment and how it will be distributed (Bogue, 2022). Once the other two principles have been determined, the question arises, who will receive the treatments and how this will be determined. The least important principle is respect for autonomy. After all three of the other principles have been met, the question is “Does the patient want the treatment?” It is a moot point to discuss a potential treatment if it is not going to benefit the patient or if it will cause more harm than good.

Because beneficence and maleficence are almost equal, it is the assumption that these two would be required for all populations. By placing justice as the next priority it ensures that all populations have access to effective treatments and preventive care. Our health care system favors those with insurance as priority for routine care and treatments. Even above the insured are those who can pay for treatments that are still priced above what an average person can pay. This leaves the uninsured outside of the healthcare system, with few avenues for justice related to treatments and especially preventative care.

References

Bogue, D. W., Cota, M., De La Torre, V. J., Evans, K. A., Hoehner, P. J., Hogan, M., & White, N. H. (2022). Practicing dignity: An introduction to Christian values and decision-making in health care (Third Edition). Bibliu.com. https://bibliu.com/app/?bibliuMagicToken=kH7FyvrUw1ROrl05R2uouscis1zAPq63#/view/books/B1B4SGSSID7LR/epub/Chapter3.html#page_162

Lawrence DJ. (2007). The four principles of biomedical ethics: a foundation for current bioethical debate. Journal of Chiropractic Humanities, 14, 34–40.

PHI 413 Topic 3 DQ 2

According to the four parts of the Christian biblical narrative (i.e., creation, fall, redemption, and restoration) that informs us about the nature of God, where would you find comfort and hope in the midst of sickness and disease?

PHI 413 Topic 3 DQ 2 Example 1

When faced with sickness and disease, the ideas of redemption and restoration offer comfort and hope within the context of the Christian biblical narrative. The creation, fall, redemption, and restoration of the biblical tale offer a comprehensive understanding of God’s nature and connection with humans, especially during difficult times.

Creation reminds us that God made the world in its perfect condition, free from illness and pain. Since illness and disease were not a part of God’s first creation, there is hope that the brokenness we see today is not as things were meant to be (Genesis 1:31). This information inspires believers to hope that the world will return to its original, ideal state.

The fall demonstrates the existence of sin and all of its effects, including pain and death, according to Genesis 3:16–19. Despite recognizing the reality of sadness, this section of the story emphasizes that God is not aloof or unconcerned with human suffering. Despite its tragedy, the fall is necessary for God’s redemptive purpose.

Through redemption, the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ give Christians hope. It is believed that Jesus’ sacrifice is the final answer to sin and suffering. It is true that “by His wounds, we are healed” (Isaiah 53:5). They find inner serenity in the belief that Jesus understands their pain and is able to offer them complete physical and spiritual healing.

Restoration ultimately provides hope for a future free from disease and death. As stated in Revelation 21:4, “He will wipe every tear from their eyes.” There will be an end to misery, death, anguish, and tears.

The hope of redemption and restoration provides comfort during illness because Christians believe that God is working to heal and finally restore everything.

References:

Biblica, Inc. Genesis 1 – New International Version (NIV) | Biblica. (2011). Biblica.com. https://www.biblica.com/bible/niv/genesis/1/

Biblica, Inc.Isaiah 53:5 – Bible Gateway. (n.d.). Www.biblegateway.com. https://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/Isaiah%2053%3A5

PHI 413 Topic 3 DQ 2 Example 2

By illustrating God’s character and His purpose for us, the Christian biblical story of creation, fall, redemption, and restoration offers consolation and hope during illness and disease. Creation reminds us that God made the world perfect, without sickness or suffering. Humans were created in His image to live in harmony with Him (McMartin & Hall, 2021). Though illness exists now, it was never God’s original design, giving us hope that suffering is not His final plan. Death and illness are explained by the Fall.

Our bodies and lives were impacted by the brokenness that sin brought into the world. However, God is present even amid pain. He may demonstrate His might, deepen our faith, and bring us closer to Himself through adversity. Redemptionoffers hope through Jesus Christ. His sacrifice not only saves us spiritually but also shows God’s care for our physical suffering. Jesus healed the sick, proving His love and authority.

Even when healing doesn’t come immediately, we can trust that Christ is with us, giving peace and eternal hope. A future free from suffering and illness is promised by restoration. According to Revelation 21:4, God will remove all tears and put an end to suffering. Knowing that ultimate healing is waiting for us in eternity gives us the strength to keep going (Ricky Donald Montang et al., 2023). Through this story, I find comfort in God’s love, presence, and promise that sickness is temporary, and full healing is coming.

McMartin, J., & Hall, M. E. L. (2021). Christian functional views of suffering: a review and theoretical overview. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 25(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2021.1968812

Ricky Donald Montang, Sophian Andi, Anthoni, J., Wiesye Agnes Wattimury, Elias, T. F., & Skivo Reiner Watak. (2023). The Holy Bible as the Word of God. Pharos Journal of Theology, 104(3). https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.104.315

PHI 413 Topic 3 Assignment: Biomedical Ethics in the Christian Narrative: Case Analysis

This assignment will incorporate a common practical tool in helping clinicians begin to ethically analyze a case. Organizing the data by means of the four boxes approach to analyze the case will help you apply the four principles (beneficence, nonmaleficence, respect for autonomy, and justice).

Based on the reading of the “Case Study: Healing and Autonomy” and topic Resources, you will complete the “Applying the Four Principles: Case Study” document by including the following:

Part 1: Chart

This chart will formalize the application of the four boxes approach by organizing the data from the case study according to the relevant principles of biomedical ethics: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice.

Part 2: Evaluation

This part includes questions that evaluate how the four principles approach would be applied according to the Christian worldview.

Support your response using only Chapter 3 from the textbook Practicing Dignity: An Introduction to Christian Values and Decision-Making in Health Care and the Topic 3 Resource “Rising to ‘The Highest Morals’ -The Rich History of Nursing Ethics.”

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

Attachments

PHI-413V-RS-T3ApplyingFourPrinciplesCaseStudy.docx PHI-413V-RS-T3T5CaseStudyHealingAndAutonom

PHI 413 Topic 4: Death, Dying, and Grief

Objectives:

Explain the meaning and significance of death in light of the Christian narrative and the hope of resurrection.
Analyze end-of-life decision-making issues.

PHI 413 Topic 4 DQ 1

Based on your clinical experiences with those who are dying, how have these experiences shaped your view of death and impacted your ability to demonstrate the qualities of empathy?

American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education
This assignment aligns with AACN Core Competencies: 2.1

PHI 413 Topic 4 DQ 1: Death, Dying, and Grief Example

Experiencing the death of patients has reinforced my belief that death is cruel. It takes away life indiscriminately, often leaving behind pain, unanswered questions, and a void that cannot be filled. Watching individuals suffer in their final moments, seeing families grapple with the reality of loss, and witnessing the helplessness that often accompanies terminal illness have all shaped my understanding of death’s harshness.

Death does not always come peacefully. I have cared for patients who struggled with pain despite aggressive symptom management, those who fought to hold on for their loved ones, and families torn apart by the reality that time had run out (Cota & de la Torre, 2024). It is in these moments that death feels most merciless, stripping people of their strength, forcing goodbyes too soon, and leaving a lasting impact on those who remain.

Despite its cruelty, working closely with dying patients has also strengthened my ability to demonstrate empathy. Understanding their suffering has pushed me to provide not just medical care but emotional presence. When death cannot be stopped, the focus shifts to making it less painful, less lonely, and more dignified. Sitting with a patient in silence, holding their hand, advocating for their comfort, and supporting grieving families are all acts of empathy that acknowledge the unfairness of death while providing a sense of humanity in its wake (Delaney, 2021; Sulmasy, 2021).

These experiences have taught me that empathy is not about offering false hope or trying to ease pain that cannot be erased. It is about being present in suffering, recognizing that sometimes there are no words, and offering compassion in the face of something as cruel as death. It has made me more aware of the weight of loss and the importance of honoring each person’s final moments with kindness, dignity, and unwavering support.

References

Cota, M., Jr., & de la Torre, V. (Eds.). (2024). Practicing dignity: An introduction to Christian values and decision-making in health care (3rd ed.). Grand Canyon University

Delaney, J. J. (2021). The doctor–patient relationship: Does christianity make a difference? Christian Bioethics: Non-Ecumenical Studies in Medical Morality, 27(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/cb/cbaa018

Sulmasy, D. P. (2021). Physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia: Theological and ethical responses. Christian Bioethics: Non-Ecumenical Studies in Medical Morality, 27(3), 223–227. https://doi.org/10.1093/cb/cbab015

PHI 413 Topic 4 DQ 2

Because everyone’s life is deemed valuable to God, the choice of suicide or euthanasia contradicts this and is therefore considered sin. Do you agree? Why or why not?

PHI 413 Topic 4 DQ 2

I disagree with the idea that suicide or euthanasia is inherently a sin. This perspective oversimplifies the complexity of suffering, autonomy, and the ethical responsibility to address pain with compassion. While many religious traditions view life as sacred and believe ending it prematurely contradicts divine will, this viewpoint does not fully consider the realities of those experiencing unbearable suffering or terminal illness.

Personal autonomy is fundamental to human dignity. When individuals face prolonged, intractable pain or terminal illness, continuing life is not always about preserving dignity but prolonging suffering. Euthanasia and physician-assisted death, when carried out with careful ethical considerations, can be acts of mercy (Sulmasy, 2021). They respect a person’s right to make decisions about their own body and end-of-life care. I believe that forcing someone to endure pain against their will does not honor life; it only prolongs suffering.

Mental illness is another crucial factor. Condemning suicide as a sin ignores the deep suffering that leads individuals to make such decisions. Depression, severe trauma, and psychiatric conditions distort a person’s perception of hope and reality. Rather than labeling suicide as a moral failure, society should focus on increasing access to mental health care, reducing stigma, and providing strong support systems (Delaney, 2021). People do not take their own lives out of selfishness or defiance but often out of overwhelming despair. Compassion and understanding should take precedence over condemnation.

Religious interpretations evolve, and many faith communities now emphasize God’s mercy and understanding over strict judgment. I do not believe that God sees those who seek euthanasia or die by suicide as sinners. Instead of viewing these choices as rebellion against divine authority, I see them as moments where deeper compassion is required (Cota & de la Torre, 2024). Extreme suffering pushes people to make difficult choices, not out of defiance but desperation. Labeling euthanasia and suicide as sins is not a meaningful solution. Addressing suffering, improving end-of-life care, and strengthening mental health interventions are better ways to honor life than condemning those who make these painful choices.

References

Cota, M., Jr., & de la Torre, V. (Eds.). (2024). Practicing dignity: An introduction to Christian values and decision-making in health care (3rd ed.). Grand Canyon University

PHI 413 Topic 4 Assignment Death and Dying: Case Analysis

The practice of health care providers at all levels brings you into contact with people from a variety of faiths. This calls for basic knowledge and understanding of different faith expressions. No matter what someone’s worldview is, death and dying is a difficult experience whether emotions are expressed or not. For the purpose of this assignment, the focus will be on the Christian worldview.

Read the “Case Study: End-of-Life Decisions” document or one provided by your instructor. Based on the reading of the case, the Christian worldview, and the worldview questions presented in the required topic Resources, you will complete an ethical analysis of situation of the individual(s) and their decisions from the perspective of the Christian worldview.

Based on your reading of “Case Study: End-of-Life Decisions” document (or one provided by your instructor) and topic Resources, complete the “Death and Dying: Case Analysis” document, in which you will analyze the case study in relation to the following:

Christian view of the fallen world and the hope of resurrection
Christian worldview of the value of life
Christian worldview of suffering
Empathy for the individual(s) as they are supported and cared, actions, and their consequences
Respect for the perspectives of individual(s) different from personal and professional values, conscious and unconscious biases related to human rights in health care practice, actions, and their consequences
Personal decision-making based on personal worldview

Support your response using only the following Topic 4 Resources:

Chapter 4 from the textbook Practicing Dignity: An Introduction to Christian Values and Decision-Making in Health Care
“Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia: Theological and Ethical Responses”
“Always Care, Never Kill: How Physician-Assisted Suicide Endangers the Weak, Corrupts Medicine, Compromises the Family, and Violates Human Dignity and Equality”

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education
This assignment aligns with AACN Core Competencies 9.1, 9.2, 9.6

Attachments

PHI-413V-RS-T4CaseStudyEndOfLifeDecisions.docx

PHI-413V-RS-T4DeathAndDyingCaseAnalysis.docx

Death and Dying: Case Analysis Example

Student Name:

After reading the “Case Study: End-of-Life Decisions” document (or one provided by your instructor) and topic Resources, respond to the following, using only citations from the case and topic Resources:

Based on the case and topic Resources, in 300-400 words, how might the individual(s) interpret their suffering in light of the Christian view of the fallen world and the hope of resurrection?

The Christian worldview understands suffering as a consequence of living in a fallen world, yet it also offers the hope of resurrection as a source of comfort and meaning. George, facing ALS and the inevitable decline of his physical abilities, may struggle with the purpose of his suffering (Grand Canyon University, 2023). The reality of a degenerative disease can lead to feelings of helplessness, despair, and a sense of lost dignity. However, Christian teachings provide a perspective that suffering is not meaningless but rather a part of the human experience in a world affected by sin.

Christian doctrine holds that suffering entered the world due to humanity’s separation from God. Disease, pain, and death exist because the world is no longer in its original perfect state. Understanding suffering in this context may help George recognize that his condition is not a punishment but rather part of the brokenness of creation. While this recognition does not remove the pain, it frames suffering as something that can be endured with faith. Hope in resurrection provides an alternative perspective to despair.

The promise of eternal life assures believers that suffering is temporary, and a future free from pain awaits them. George may find solace in knowing that his physical decline is not the end of his existence. The Christian faith teaches that after death, believers will be restored to a state where suffering no longer exists (Cota & de la Torre, 2024). This belief can shift his focus from his current struggles to the hope of a future where his suffering is no more. Christian teachings also emphasize that suffering can have a purpose.

Even in pain, individuals can grow spiritually, deepen their faith, and draw closer to God. George may find meaning in his suffering through the relationships he strengthens, the lessons he shares, or the faith he demonstrates to others. Many Christians believe that enduring hardship with trust in God can be a powerful testimony to others, showing that faith is not dependent on circumstances.

Accepting suffering as part of the fallen world while holding onto the hope of resurrection may help George approach his condition with a sense of peace rather than despair (Grand Canyon University, 2023). He may choose to focus on what remains rather than what is lost, finding meaning in relationships, faith, and the legacy he leaves behind. This perspective allows him to live with dignity despite his suffering, knowing that his pain is temporary and his future is secure.

Based on the case and topic Resources, in 300-400 words, as the individual(s) must contemplate life with their dilemma, how would the Christian worldview inform their view about the value of life as a person?

The Christian worldview affirms that human life has inherent value, regardless of physical ability, independence, or suffering. This belief is rooted in the understanding that all people are created in the image of God, which means that each person has worth beyond their circumstances. As George faces the progression of ALS and the loss of his independence, he may struggle with feelings of worthlessness or the fear of becoming a burden (Grand Canyon University, 2023).

However, the Christian perspective rejects the idea that a person’s value is based on their productivity or physical capability. From this perspective, suffering does not diminish human dignity. Instead, it can be seen as a part of life’s journey, with purpose and meaning even in difficulty. Life is not just about personal comfort or independence but about relationships, faith, and trust in God.

George may be tempted to believe that his life is losing its worth as he becomes more dependent on others, but the Christian worldview insists that his value remains unchanged (Cota & de la Torre, 2024). His life has meaning, whether through his role as a father, teacher, or example of faith and perseverance. A key biblical passage that speaks to the value of life is Psalm 139:13-14, which states, “For you formed my inward parts; you knitted me together in my mother’s womb.

I praise you, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made.” This verse emphasizes that each person is intentionally created by God, with purpose and dignity from the very beginning of life. George’s diagnosis does not alter this reality, his life remains valuable in God’s eyes. The Christian perspective also emphasizes the sanctity of life, teaching that it is not for humans to determine when life should end (Sulmasy, 2021). Even in suffering, there is purpose, and God remains present.

George may find comfort in knowing that his identity and worth are not defined by his physical limitations but by his relationship with God. If he embraces this belief, he may be able to shift his focus from what he is losing to what remains, his faith, his connections with loved ones, and the opportunity to leave a lasting impact through his example.

Based on the case and topic Resources, in 300-400 words, how does the concept of suffering in a Christian worldview inform their deliberations about the choices they will make?

The Christian worldview sees suffering as an inevitable part of human existence but also as an opportunity for spiritual growth and deeper reliance on God. In contemplating his future with ALS, George is faced with difficult choices regarding his quality of life, autonomy, and the possibility of voluntary euthanasia. His deliberations will be influenced by how he understands suffering, whether as a meaningless burden or as a path to a greater purpose. Christian teachings suggest that suffering, while painful, has value.

Romans 8:18 states, “I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us.” This verse suggests that suffering in this life is temporary and will be outweighed by the eternal joy promised by God. If George adopts this perspective, he may choose to endure the progression of ALS with faith, seeing it as an opportunity to trust in God’s plan rather than seeking to end his life prematurely. Another key aspect of the Christian approach to suffering is its redemptive nature.

Jesus himself endured immense suffering on the cross, yet his suffering led to redemption for humanity. Many Christians believe that their own suffering can be united with Christ’s, offering spiritual growth and deeper faith. If George sees his suffering as a way to draw closer to God, he may reconsider the desire to control the timing of his death. Instead, he may focus on using his remaining time to strengthen his faith, deepen relationships, and find ways to serve others even in his limitations.

The sanctity of life is another factor in decision-making. Christian ethics hold that life is a sacred gift from God, and choices regarding life and death belong to Him. Voluntary euthanasia contradicts this belief, as it assumes control over when life should end. If George embraces this principle, he may choose palliative care and spiritual support rather than physician-assisted death.

The Christian perspective on suffering encourages endurance, faith, and trust in God rather than seeking to escape suffering at all costs (Delaney, 2021).. If George embraces this worldview, he may find peace in knowing that even in his suffering, his life has purpose and meaning. He may focus on how he can use his remaining time to inspire others, leave a legacy of faith, and prepare spiritually for eternal life rather than focusing solely on the hardships ahead.

Based on the case and topic Resources, in 150-200 words, how would you be able to come alongside and demonstrate empathy for the individual(s) as you support and care for them? Reflect on your actions and their consequences.

Demonstrating empathy for George requires acknowledging his suffering, fears, and sense of loss while providing compassionate care. His diagnosis of ALS presents profound emotional and physical challenges, leading to grief over his declining independence and uncertainty about his future. Offering a space where he feels heard, respected, and supported is essential. Active listening allows for meaningful conversations about his concerns without judgment. Engaging in open discussions helps validate his emotions and ensures he does not feel isolated in his suffering.

Addressing his fears about becoming a burden and helping him focus on the aspects of life that still hold meaning can provide reassurance (Cota & de la Torre, 2024). Providing comfort through palliative care and symptom management supports his well-being. Involving him in decisions about his care preserves his autonomy and reinforces his dignity. Encouraging connections with loved ones and spiritual or emotional support systems helps create a sense of purpose beyond his physical limitations. Approaching George with bias or dismissing his concerns may cause emotional distress. Offering genuine compassion fosters trust, improves his quality of life, and helps him navigate his condition with dignity. Creating an environment of understanding ensures he feels valued despite the progression of his illness.

Based on the case and topic Resources, in 150-200 words, how can you demonstrate respect for the perspectives of the individual(s) that may be different from your personal and professional values? Consider your conscious and unconscious biases in relationship to human rights in health care practice. Reflect on your actions and their consequences.

Demonstrating respect for perspectives that differ my personal and professional values requires a commitment to ethical principles, cultural humility, and self-awareness. In healthcare, patients have the right to make decisions about their care, even when those choices conflict with a provider’s beliefs. George, facing ALS and considering voluntary euthanasia, may hold views that differ from a Christian or professional perspective on the sanctity of life. Respecting his autonomy means acknowledging his fears, suffering, and values without imposing personal judgments.

Conscious and unconscious biases can influence interactions with patients. If a provider views euthanasia as morally wrong, there is a risk of dismissing George’s concerns rather than engaging in open, compassionate dialogue. Recognizing this bias allows for a more balanced, patient-centered approach. Human rights in healthcare emphasize dignity, informed choice, and holistic support, which means guiding George through all available options, including palliative care, while respecting his autonomy.

Dismissing his concerns may lead to mistrust and emotional distress, while showing empathy and respect fosters a meaningful therapeutic relationship. Healthcare providers must balance their values with their duty to support patients, ensuring care that is ethical, unbiased, and aligned with the patient’s rights and well-being.

Based on the case, topic Resources, and on your worldview, in 150-200 words, what decision would you make if you were in their situation?

If I were in George’s situation, my decision would be guided by a recognition of the complexities of suffering, autonomy, and the value of life beyond physical function. While the progression of ALS presents immense challenges, I would choose to continue living, focusing on maximizing the quality of my remaining time rather than seeking an early death. Suffering, though difficult, does not inherently negate the value of life.

While loss of independence and physical decline can be emotionally and psychologically distressing, life continues to hold meaning through relationships, personal growth, and the ability to impact others (Delaney, 2021). The shift from physical independence to dependence does not erase a person’s dignity but redefines how they engage with the world. Additionally, voluntary euthanasia introduces ethical and existential questions about control, the meaning of life, and the role of suffering. While the fear of becoming a burden is valid, relationships are not transactional—loved ones often find purpose in providing care. Choosing palliative and supportive care would allow me to focus on meaningful interactions, ensuring that my final days are spent with purpose rather than resignation.

References

Cota, M., Jr., & de la Torre, V. (Eds.). (2024). Practicing dignity: An introduction to Christian values and decision-making in health care (3rd ed.). Grand Canyon University

Grand Canyon University. (2023). Case Study: End-of-Life Decisions.