NURS-FPX4030 Assessment 2 Determining the Credibility of Evidence and Resources

NURS-FPX4030 Assessment 2 Determining the Credibility of Evidence and Resources – Step-by-Step Guide

The first step before starting to write the NURS-FPX4030 Assessment 2 Determining the Credibility of Evidence and Resources, it is essential to understand the requirements of the assignment. The first step is to read the assignment prompt carefully to identify the topic, the length and format requirements. You should go through the rubric provided so that you can understand what is needed to score the maximum points for each part of the assignment. 

It is also important to identify the audience of the paper and its purpose so that it can help you determine the tone and style to use throughout. You can then create a timeline to help you complete each stage of the paper, such as conducting research, writing the paper, and revising it to avoid last-minute stress before the deadline. After identifying the formatting style to be applied to the paper, such as APA, you should review its use, such as writing citations and referencing the resources used. You should also review how to format the title page and the headings in the paper.

How to Research and Prepare for NURS-FPX4030 Assessment 2 Determining the Credibility of Evidence and Resources

The next step in preparing for your paper is to conduct research and identify the best sources to use to support your arguments. Identify the list of keywords from your topic using different combinations. The first step is to visit the university library and search through its database using the important keywords related to your topic. You can also find books, peer-reviewed articles, and credible sources for your topic from PubMed, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Ensure that you select the references that have been published in the last words and go through each to check for credibility. Ensure that you obtain the references in the required format, for example, in APA, so that you can save time when creating the final reference list. 

You can also group the references according to their themes that align with the outline of the paper. Go through each reference for its content and summarize the key concepts, arguments and findings for each source. You can write down your reflections on how each reference connects to the topic you are researching about. After the above steps, you can develop a strong thesis that is clear, concise and arguable. Next you should create a detailed outline of the paper so that it can help you to create headings and subheadings to be used in the paper. Ensure that you plan what point will go into each paragraph.

How to Write the Introduction for NURS-FPX4030 Assessment 2 Determining the Credibility of Evidence and Resources

The introduction of the paper is the most crucial part as it helps to provide the context of your work, and will determine if the reader will be interested to read through to the end. You should start with a hook, which will help capture the reader’s attention. You should contextualize the topic by offering the reader a concise overview of the topic you are writing about so that they may understand its importance. You should state what you aim to achieve with the paper. The last part of the introduction should be your thesis statement, which provides the main argument of the paper.

How to Write the Body for NURS-FPX4030 Assessment 2 Determining the Credibility of Evidence and Resources

The body of the paper helps you to present your arguments and evidence to support your claims. You can use headings and subheadings developed in the paper’s outline to guide you on how to organize the body. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence to help the reader know what point you will be discussing in that paragraph. Support your claims using the evidence conducted from the research, ensure that you cite each source properly using in-text citations. You should analyze the evidence presented and explain its significance and how it connects to the thesis statement. You should maintain a logical flow between each paragraph by using transition words and a flow of ideas.

How to Write the In-text Citations for NURS-FPX4030 Assessment 2 Determining the Credibility of Evidence and Resources

In-text citations help the reader to give credit to the authors of the references they have used in their works. All ideas that have been borrowed from references, any statistics and direct quotes must be referenced properly. The name and date of publication of the paper should be included when writing an in-text citation. For example, in APA, after stating the information, you can put an in-text citation after the end of the sentence, such as (Smith, 2021). If you are quoting directly from a source, include the page number in the citation, for example (Smith, 2021, p. 15). Remember to also include a corresponding reference list at the end of your paper that provides full details of each source cited in your text. An example paragraph highlighting the use of in-text citations is as below:

The integration of technology in nursing practice has significantly transformed patient care and improved health outcomes. According to Smith (2021), the use of electronic health records (EHRs) has streamlined communication among healthcare providers, allowing for more coordinated and efficient care delivery. Furthermore, Johnson and Brown (2020) highlight that telehealth services have expanded access to care, particularly for patients in rural areas, thereby reducing barriers to treatment.

How to Write the Conclusion for NURS-FPX4030 Assessment 2 Determining the Credibility of Evidence and Resources

When writing the conclusion of the paper, start by restarting your thesis, which helps remind the reader what your paper is about. Summarize the key points of the paper, by restating them. Discuss the implications of your findings and your arguments. End with a call to action that leaves a lasting impact on the reader or recommendations.

How to Format the Reference List for NURS-FPX4030 Assessment 2 Determining the Credibility of Evidence and Resources

The reference helps provide the reader with the complete details of the sources you cited in the paper. The reference list should start with the title “References” on a new page. It should be aligned center and bolded. The references should be organized in an ascending order alphabetically and each should have a hanging indent. If a source has no author, it should be alphabetized by the title of the work, ignoring any initial articles such as “A,” “An,” or “The.” If you have multiple works by the same author, list them in chronological order, starting with the earliest publication. 

Each reference entry should include specific elements depending on the type of source. For books, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the book in italics, the edition (if applicable), and the publisher’s name. For journal articles, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the article (not italicized), the title of the journal in italics, the volume number in italics, the issue number in parentheses (if applicable), and the page range of the article. For online sources, include the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or the URL at the end of the reference. An example reference list is as follows:

References

Johnson, L. M., & Brown, R. T. (2020). The role of telehealth in improving patient outcomes. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 35(2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000456

Smith, J. A. (2021). The impact of technology on nursing practice. Health Press.

NURS-FPX4030 Assessment 2 Determining the Credibility of Evidence and Resources Example Paper

Even as patient care evolves and the healthcare transformation is visible, change is a constant factor. With the evolution of disease processes and ingenuity in the mechanisms of some diseases, such as cancer, it is critical and prudent to embrace new practice methods. This calls for the incorporation of evidence-based research findings into nursing practice in the hopes of improving patient care quality and safety.

As the nursing profession evolves and healthcare transforms, more opportunities for nurses to engage in leadership roles that include incorporating evidence-based research findings into practice become available (Kim and colleagues, 2020). To do so, nurses must understand the criteria used to certify the credibility of resources, which is critical in deciding which to use in practice.

As a result, using evidence-based practice models to help nurses incorporate scholarly findings into practice is vital. This analysis aims to determine what factors contribute to the credibility of resources obtained to assist in solving a practical nursing scenario.

Quality, Safety, or a Chosen Diagnosis that could benefit from an Evidence-Based Approach

The chosen diagnosis, diabetes mellitus (DM), serves as the foundation for the subsequent discussion. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels caused by a lack of insulin secretion, action, or both. Type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are the most common types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is caused by a lack of insulin secretion, which usually occurs due to autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of the islet of Langerhans. Contrarily, while it can also result from insulin deficiency, the vast majority of type 2 DM cases are caused by insulin resistance in the peripheral cells (American Diabetes Association, ADA, 2020).

Diabetes epidemiology, in terms of morbidity, mortality, and treatment costs, reveals the disease’s gravity and the need for evidence-based practice to solve it. According to Sapra and Bhandari (2022), one in every eleven people worldwide has diabetes, with the vast majority (90%) having type 2 diabetes. While type 1 diabetes affects children, adolescents, and young adults, type 2 diabetes primarily affects adults. To account for the predisposition of type 1 diabetes in childhood, Sapra and Bhandari (2022) state that 45% of children with type 1 diabetes present before age ten.

The incidence of type 1 diabetes has been increasing by 2-5 percent per year in Europe, Australia, and the Middle East, and by about 2% per year in most age and ethnic groups in the United States (Sapra & Bhandari, 2022). Type 2 diabetes is estimated to affect approximately 9% of the US population, with a higher prevalence of 25% among those aged 65 and older (Sapra & Bhandari, 2022). Despite the troubling statistics, it is expected that the prevalence of diabetes will rise, with higher-income individuals being disproportionately affected.

According to the World Health Organization, diabetes is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide. Diabetes accounted for 1.37 million deaths from 1990 to 2025, according to a review by Lin et al. (2020), with the number expected to rise to 1.59 million by 2025. Furthermore, on March 22, 2018, the ADA (2018) published new research stating that the total cost of diagnosed diabetes increased to $327 billion in 2017, up from $245 billion in 2012. According to this discovery, diabetes imposes a significant economic burden on society.

In addition to the complications that diabetes causes, both acute and long-term, it is only logical that an evidence-based approach is developed to reduce its burden. The good news is that most DM risk factors are avoidable and can be significantly reduced when preventive measures are implemented using evidence-based strategies. Besides being useful tools for comparing and contrasting health events and populations, analyzing diabetes morbidity, mortality, and cost trends can help determine the most appropriate health interventions for a specific population.

Criteria for Determining Credibility of Resources

It is critical to follow a specific criterion when determining the credibility of a resource. The criterion includes evaluating the resources’ currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose (CRAAP) (Columbia College, 2022). Currency refers to the resource’s timeliness, and a journal article or website published within the last five years is often recommended first.

The importance of a resource for the researcher’s needs is referred to as its relevance, and the most helpful question to ask is whether the information relates to the topic or answers the researcher’s question (Columbia College, 2022). Concerning the authority, who is the resource’s author, what are their credentials, and with which organization is the author affiliated? In terms of medical and nursing knowledge, the author should, at the very least, be an expert in a field related to nursing or medicine.

Regarding accuracy, the questions to ask are where the information comes from. Has the information been reviewed, does evidence back it up, or can it be confirmed by another source or personal knowledge? (Columbia College, 2022) Finally, the information’s purpose is an essential factor in determining the resource’s credibility.

Here, the researcher asks whether the information’s purpose is to inform, tell, or educate and whether the intention has been served. Is the information a fact, opinion, or propaganda? Some medical databases have classified journal articles based on their relevance and publication dates, making it easier to determine the credibility of a resource.

Analysis of the Credibility and Relevance of Evidence and Resources within the Context of the Chosen Diagnosis

All of the resources selected to provide evidence-based practice solutions to the patient’s problem are credible and contain high-quality information. All of the sources were authored by experts in various fields of health and were published within the last five years. Furthermore, the information in the sources has been peer reviewed/supported by evidence, making it accurate, relates to the topic and thus relevant, and verified to serve the purpose for which they were intended.

ADA (2020), Alam et al. (2021), Danne et al. (2018), Davies et al. (2018), and Lipsky et al. (2020) all address specifics of diabetes and have all met the CRAAP criteria in assessing credibility. As a result, it is safe to conclude that the sources contain evidence-based information that can be implemented as effective practices in solving the patient’s problem.

Evidence-Based Practice Model and the Importance of Incorporating Credible Evidence into the EBP Model

To use scholarly information, care providers must learn the art of leveraging evidence-based practice models. A potential change to the patient’s solution would be the use of telemedicine to ensure continuous care and education. In this case, translating evidence-based evidence into practice will necessitate using the Ottawa Model, an interactive model for transferring research knowledge into practice (Nilsen, 2020).

In the Ottawa model, the initial procedure for implementing innovation is an assessment of the barriers and supports, followed by monitoring the interventions and the degree of use, and finally, an evaluation of outcomes (Nilsen, 2020). Each stage includes several initiatives to implement innovation or guidelines and increase evidence-based practice across a healthcare setting. As the demand for quality-improvement measures to improve care quality and safety grows, so does the demand for evidence-based models or templates.

Conclusion

Given the changing times and transformations in healthcare, nurses must stay current on practice information. In doing so, nurses benefit greatly from evidence obtained online from reputable medical and nursing databases. On the other hand, obtaining reliable information necessitates understanding the processes of retrieving the sources and assessing their credibility. Therefore, nurses must not only use existing resources but also learn how to find new ones.

Assessing a source’s credibility is a process that requires careful consideration of several factors, such as currency, relevance, accuracy, authority, and purpose. Owing to the burden of diabetes in terms of morbidity, mortality, and cost implications, evidence-based strategies must be implemented to prevent the disease’s consequences for patients and healthcare as a whole. The advancements in technology that can improve the use of telemedicine, as well as the preventable nature of diabetes risk factors that can be leveraged in the fight, provide hope.

NURS-FPX4030 Assessment 2 Determining the Credibility of Evidence and Resources References

Alam, S., Hasan, M. K., Neaz, S., Hussain, N., Hossain, M. F., & Rahman, T. (2021). Diabetes mellitus: Insights from epidemiology, biochemistry, risk factors, diagnosis, complications, and comprehensive management. Diabetology, 2(2), 36–50. https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology2020004

American Diabetes Association. (2018). Economic costs of diabetes in the U.s. in 2017. Diabetes Care, 41(5), 917–928. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci18-0007

American Diabetes Association. (2020). 8. Obesity management for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care, 43(Suppl 1), S89–S97. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-S008

Columbia College. (2022). Evaluating the Credibility of Your Sources. Columbia College and Columbia Engineering. https://www.cc-seas.columbia.edu/integrity/evaluating-credibility

Danne, T., Phillip, M., Buckingham, B. A., Jarosz-Chobot, P., Saboo, B., Urakami, T., Battelino, T., Hanas, R., & Codner, E. (2018). ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Insulin treatment in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes, 19 Suppl 27, 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12718

Davies, M. J., D’Alessio, D. A., Fradkin, J., Kernan, W. N., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., Rossing, P., Tsapas, A., Wexler, D. J., & Buse, J. B. (2018). Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia, 61(12), 2461–2498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-018-4729-5

Kim, M., Mallory, C., & Valerio, T. (2020). Statistics for evidence-based practice in nursing (3rd ed.). Jones and Bartlett. https://books.google.at/books?id=5LEEEAAAQBAJ

Lin, X., Xu, Y., Pan, X., Xu, J., Ding, Y., Sun, X., Song, X., Ren, Y., & Shan, P.-F. (2020). Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: an analysis from 1990 to 2025. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 14790. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71908-9

Lipsky, B. A., Senneville, É., Abbas, Z. G., Aragón-Sánchez, J., Diggle, M., Embil, J. M., Kono, S., Lavery, L. A., Malone, M., van Asten, S. A., Urbančič-Rovan, V., Peters, E. J. G., & International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). (2020). Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of foot infection in persons with diabetes (IWGDF 2019 update). Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 36 Suppl 1(S1), e3280. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3280

Nilsen, P. (2020). Overview of theories, models, and frameworks in implementation science. In Handbook on Implementation Science (pp. 8–31). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788975995.00008

Sapra, A., & Bhandari, P. (2022). Diabetes Mellitus. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551501/

NURS-FPX4030 Assessment 2 Determining the Credibility of Evidence and Resources Instructions

Develop a 2-4 page scholarly paper in which you describe a quality or safety issue, or a chosen diagnosis, and then identify and analyze credible evidence that could be used as the basis for applying EBP to the issue.

Introduction

The goal of using evidence-based research findings is to enhance safety and quality of patient care and ensure optimal outcomes are achieved. It is not uncommon to hear a nurse say, “why change it as we’ve always done it this way.” However, this is no longer acceptable in today’s practice environment. Have a look at NURS-FPX4030 Assessment 3 PICOT Questions and an Evidence-Based Approach.

The profession of nursing has evolved, and the expectation is that the professional nurse has a scientific foundation to support the care that is provided. As the profession of nursing continues to evolve and engage in health care transformation, baccalaureate-prepared nurses are expanding taking on leadership roles that include incorporating EBPs.

To be able to do this, the nurse needs to understand the criteria and makes a resource credible, as this is crucial when deciding if the research is valid and reliable for implementation into health care settings. The nurse will need to incorporate the use of evidence-based practice models. EBP models are designed to assist the nurse in developing a plan to gather evidence to answer a practice problem or question. It is a systematic approach to direct the user to incorporate scholarly findings into current practice. These EBP models lead the nurse through the decision-making process of evaluating the literature to determine the best practice evidence for the practice issue or question.

It would be an excellent choice to complete the Vila Health Determining the Credibility of Evidence activity prior to developing the report. The activity is a media simulation that offers an opportunity to review a scenario and work on determining the credibility of presented evidence. These skills will be necessary to complete Assessment 2 successfully. This media simulation is one potential source of context on which to base your assessment submission. This will take just a few minutes of your time and is not graded.

Professional Context

As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, you will be responsible for locating and identifying credible and scholarly resources to incorporate the best available evidence for the purposes of enhancing clinical reasoning and judgement skills. When reliable and relevant evidence-based findings are utilized, patients, health care systems, and nursing practice outcomes are positively impacted.

Scenario

For this assessment, you may choose from the following options as the context for the quality or safety issue or chosen diagnosis/health issue for researching and completing this assessment:

• The specific diagnosis/health issue you identified in your previous assessment.
• The simulation Vila Health: Determining the Credibility of Evidence.
• A personal practice experience in which a sentinel event occurred.

Instructions

The purpose of this analysis is to better understand what constitutes credibility of journal articles as well as websites. The role of the baccalaureate-prepared nurse in incorporating evidence-based research continues to growth in clinical practice. As quality improvement (QI) measures to reduce safety risks continue to be emphasized, the need for evidence-based models and evidence-based templates is growing.

This type of systematic approach to incorporating evidence-based findings allows nurses to make clinical and operational decisions based upon the best available evidence. When the most up-to-date evidence-based findings are utilized, patient-centered care improves outcomes and enhances the patient experience.

Below is a quick review table of several well-known Evidence-Based Practice Models used to guide exploration:

Evidence-Based Practice Models
Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice
Stetler Model
Ottawa Model
PARiHS (Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services) Model
ACE (Academic Center for Evidence-Based Practice) Star Model
ARCC (Advancing Research and Clinical Practice Through Close Collaboration) Mode
John Hopkins Model
KTA (Knowledge-to-Action) Model

For this assessment:

• Explain the criteria that should be used when determining the credibility of journal articles as well as websites.
• Support your explanations with references to the literature or research articles that describe criteria that should be used to determine credibility.

• • Your identification and determination of credibility should be done within the context of your chosen scenario for this assessment. For example, if you choose to use the provided Vila Health scenario, your initial identification of resources should be of resources that will best help address the presented issue. However, if you are locating resources to help provide evidence-based care for the diagnosis/health care issue you identified in the first assessment, you may want to begin your literature and evidence search from the databases that were identified. Any of the three scenario options are acceptable. So, pick the one that most interests you.

Be sure to address the following in this assessment, which correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. Please study the scoring guide carefully so that you will know what is needed for a distinguished score.

• Describe a quality or safety issue, or a chosen diagnosis, that could benefit from an evidence-based approach.
• Explain criteria that should be considered when determining credibility of resources such as journal articles and websites.
• Analyze the credibility and relevance of evidence and resources within the context of a quality or safety issue, or a chosen diagnosis.

• • This is where you are selecting the specific resources to help address the issue in your chosen scenario.

• Identify the Evidence-Based Practice model and explain the importance of incorporating credible evidence into the EBP model used to address a quality or safety issue, or a chosen diagnosis/health care issue. Review the literature below and choose the appropriate model for your diagnosis/health care issue.

• • Selecting a model for evidence-based practice changes. [PDF] and Evidence-Based Practice Models help explain the various evidence-based nursing models.

• Communicate using writing that is clear, logical, and professional with correct grammar and spelling using current APA style.

Additional Requirements

Your assessment should meet the following requirements:

• Length of submission: 2-4-page scholarly paper, this does not include the APA-formatted title page and reference list.
• Number of references: Cite 3-5 sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your findings and considerations. Resources should be no more than five years old.
• APA formatting: References and citations are formatted according to current APA style.

Portfolio Prompt: Remember to save the final assessment to your ePortfolio so that you may refer to it as you complete the final capstone course.

Competencies Measured

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:

• Competency 2: Analyze the relevance and potential effectiveness of evidence when making a decision.

• • Explain criteria that should be considered when determining credibility of resources such as journal articles and websites.

• • Analyze the credibility and relevance of evidence and resources within the context of a quality or safety issue, or a chosen diagnosis.

• Competency 3: Apply an evidence-based practice model to address a practice issue.

• • Identify an evidence-based practice model (such as Iowa, Stetler, John Hopkins, etc.) and explain the importance of incorporating credible evidence into an EBP model used to address a quality or safety issue, or a chosen diagnosis/health care issue.

• Competency 4: Plan care based on the best available evidence.

• • Describe a quality or safety issue, or a chosen diagnosis, that could benefit from an evidence-based approach.

• Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly communication strategies to lead practice changes based on evidence.

• • Organize content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions; contains few errors in grammar/punctuation, word choice, and spelling.

• • Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references exhibiting nearly flawless adherence to APA format.

NURS-FPX4030 Assessment 2 Determining the Credibility of Evidence and Resources Example 2

Determining the Credibility of Evidence and Resources

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a significant health issue associated with blood clot formation in deep veins, typically in the legs. As a critical, potentially life-threatening condition, DVT needs to be diagnosed urgently, and evidence-based management needs to be instituted to avoid complications such as pulmonary embolism (PE). The presentation of DVT may include symptoms of swelling, pain, warmth, and redness in the affected limb, but it may be asymptomatic sometimes.

As McLendon and Attia (2020) highlight, the risks of DVT include immobility, surgery, trauma, pregnancy, hormonal contraceptives, and underlying medical conditions such as cancer or thrombophilia. Lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is estimated to transpire in a single case per 1000 individuals or 80 cases per 100,000 people annually (Huang et al., 2022). This paper will cover the diagnosis of DVT through an evidence-based approach, the criteria for determining the authenticity of the resources, the analysis of credibility and relevance of the evidence within the context of DVT, the introduction of the EBP model and the necessity to implement credible evidence within the EBP model.

Criteria for Determining Credibility of Resources

The reliability of the information must be assessed; nurses must engage in critical evaluation when they use resources like journal articles and websites. It promotes the development of critical thinking skills regarding the credibility, accuracy, validity, timeliness, perspective, or bias of sources of information (Stewart, 2023). Key criteria to consider include:

1. Author Expertise: Determine the author’s background and credentials in deep vein thrombosis management. Research for credentials like degrees relevant to the area, certifications, and clinical experience (Danford et al., 2021). Journalists and publications from reliable health organizations are the most preferred resources involving contributions from experts in the field.
2. Source Credibility: Analyze the reliability and credibility of the sources. Go for resources from searchable databases such as CINAHL or PubMed because they are broadly recognized or affiliated with reputable health institutions. Attempt to establish that the source has produced trustworthy and research-based content.
3. Currency: Through the timelines, check out the accuracy of the information. Make sure to consider only recent publications to have the information reflect current technologies, recent advancements, and best possible practices. Ensure to revisit websites for updates and maintenance; consistency and reliability are necessary to evaluate whether the data supplied is relevant and current.
4. Objectivity: Evaluating the objectivity of the info given. Look for a balanced discussion of evidence that expresses dispase/ promotion. An unbiased resource should not avoid mentioning its limitations and should provide alternative viewpoints, ensuring unbiased outcomes for management.
5. Methodology: Take a closer look at the research methods used to gather and analyze data. In research articles, be critical of the methods used and ensure they are of the requisite quality and rightfully applied, such as the study design, data collection process, and statistics. For websites, if they are transparent about sourcing and method, it is possible to review the reliability of the information provided.
6. Peer Review: Ascertain whether the resource has been subjected to peer review, a rigorous evaluation procedure wherein subject matter experts assess the content’s quality and validity before its dissemination (Cuker et al., 2022). The credibility of peer-reviewed articles is generally regarded as higher.

Through this process, nurses can make the right choice among the credible resources for applying evidence-based decision-making in management; subsequently, they can improve patient care outcomes and raise the standard of healthcare delivery.

Analysis of Credibility and Relevance of Evidence

In managing deep vein thrombosis (DVT), determining the reliability and relevance of evidence and resources is a critical task that requires selecting informative and practical materials. Specific resources pertinent to DVT include:

• Journal Article: “A Study on the Effectiveness of Deep Venous Thromboembolism in Total Hip Arthroplasty” by Manfredi et al. (2021). This publication appears in Acta Ortopédica Brasileira (AOB), a well-known peer-reviewed journal. The authors are associated with well-known medical institutions, thus showing they know the subject. The publication date determines currency, and the retrospective methodology applied renders the study credible.
• The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) 2022 website on DVT information. Written by an agency of the government that focuses on prevention and medical research, the NHLBI website is the most official and reliable of all websites. The content is consequently updated to exhibit the latest evidence-based and practice research in DVT management. Also, the facts given are understandable and are supported by scientific evidence, which increases their authenticity.
• Clinical Practice Guideline: The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) clinical guidelines on the prevention and management of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients and surgical patients (2020) (De Palo, 2023). The ACCP is the main professional organization, and they have developed these guidelines that experts in the field rigorously review. They give research-based recommendations specific to surgical patients; hence, their findings are directly applied. The guidelines introduce and review the standard DVT prevention and management approaches influenced by current research and the latest best practices.

Through the analysis of these resources from the effectiveness and relevance points of view, nurses grow confident in applying evidence-based approaches to their clinical practice, and hence, the DVT outcomes improve.

Evidence-Based Practice Model: The Iowa Model

In addressing the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in our patient scenario, the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice offers a structured approach to incorporating credible evidence into clinical decision-making (Hanrahan et al., 2019):

• Develop a clinical question: What is the strongest method to avoid DVT in this particular case, hip surgery for this patient?
• Search for evidence: Employ credible sources such as the JAMA article, NHLB website, and ACCP guidelines, stating only selected data according to the patient’s age, medical history, and surgery type.
• Appraise the evidence: Evaluate these resources according to the criteria, especially their reliability and relevance for the particular patient case.
• Integrate the evidence: Combining clinical expertise, evidence-based medicine, and what suits the patient best makes it possible to develop a personalized treatment schedule that would include risks and benefits for different options, such as early mobilization and compression stockings, as advised by the ACCP and JAMA recommendations.
• Evaluate the outcome: Evaluate changes in the patient’s reactions to interventions implemented several times and alter the plan if necessary when new information about the patient is received or their progress is assessed.

By the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice, nurses can apply evidence in the form of credible sources to their treatment plan, providing the best patient care and preventing DVT.

Conclusion

It is essential to have a method based on solid evidence to manage deep vein thrombosis effectively. Nurses ensure top-notch patient care by carefully assessing the reliability and relevance of resources. Nurses can confidently choose reliable resources by following specific criteria such as author expertise, source credibility, currency, objectivity, methodology, and peer review. The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice enhances patient outcomes by offering a structured framework to integrate credible evidence into clinical decision-making. By adopting evidence-based practice and conscientiously evaluating resources, nurses play a crucial role in improving the quality of care for patients with DVT.

References

Cuker, A., Tseng, E. K., Nieuwlaat, R., Angchaisuksiri, P., Blair, C., Dane, K., DeSancho, M. T., Diuguid, D. L., Griffin, D. O., Kahn, S. R., Klok, F. A., Lee, A. I., Neumann, I., Pai, A., Righini, M., Sanfilippo, K., Siegal, D. M., Skara, M., Terrell, D. R., & Touri, K. (2022). American Society of Hematology Living Guidelines on the use of anticoagulation for thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19: January 2022 update on the use of therapeutic-intensity anticoagulation in acutely ill patients. Blood Advances. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007561

Danford, N. C., Sperring, C. P., & Greisberg, J. K. (2021). Outcome assessment and quality improvement for geriatric hip fractures. Springer EBooks, 159–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78969-5_9

De Palo, V. A. (2023). Venous thromboembolism (VTE) guidelines: Venous thrombosis clinical practice guidelines (ESVS, 2021), ASH updated recommendations for management of VTE (2020), guidelines for use of IVC filters in treatment of venous thromboembolism (SIR, 2020). Emedicine.medscape.com. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1267714-guidelines#g8

Hanrahan, K., Fowler, C., & McCarthy, A. M. (2019). Iowa model revised: Research and evidence-based practice application. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 48, 121–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2019.04.023

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