NURS 6501 Week 10 Knowledge Check: Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders

ByDaniel Rossi Updated on

NURS 6501 Week 10 Knowledge Check: Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders – Step-by-Step Guide

The first step before starting to write the NURS 6501 Week 10 Knowledge Check: Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders, it is essential to understand the requirements of the assignment. The first step is to read the assignment prompt carefully to identify the topic, the length and format requirements. You should go through the rubric provided so that you can understand what is needed to score the maximum points for each part of the assignment. 

It is also important to identify the audience of the paper and its purpose so that it can help you determine the tone and style to use throughout. You can then create a timeline to help you complete each stage of the paper, such as conducting research, writing the paper, and revising it to avoid last-minute stress before the deadline. After identifying the formatting style to be applied to the paper, such as APA, you should review its use, such as writing citations and referencing the resources used. You should also review how to format the title page and the headings in the paper.

How to Research and Prepare for NURS 6501 Week 10 Knowledge Check: Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders

The next step in preparing for your paper is to conduct research and identify the best sources to use to support your arguments. Identify the list of keywords from your topic using different combinations. The first step is to visit the university library and search through its database using the important keywords related to your topic. You can also find books, peer-reviewed articles, and credible sources for your topic from PubMed, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Ensure that you select the references that have been published in the last words and go through each to check for credibility. Ensure that you obtain the references in the required format, for example, in APA, so that you can save time when creating the final reference list. 

You can also group the references according to their themes that align with the outline of the paper. Go through each reference for its content and summarize the key concepts, arguments and findings for each source. You can write down your reflections on how each reference connects to the topic you are researching about. After the above steps, you can develop a strong thesis that is clear, concise and arguable. Next you should create a detailed outline of the paper so that it can help you to create headings and subheadings to be used in the paper. Ensure that you plan what point will go into each paragraph.

How to Write the Introduction for NURS 6501 Week 10 Knowledge Check: Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders

The introduction of the paper is the most crucial part as it helps to provide the context of your work, and will determine if the reader will be interested to read through to the end. You should start with a hook, which will help capture the reader’s attention. You should contextualize the topic by offering the reader a concise overview of the topic you are writing about so that they may understand its importance. You should state what you aim to achieve with the paper. The last part of the introduction should be your thesis statement, which provides the main argument of the paper.

How to Write the Body for NURS 6501 Week 10 Knowledge Check: Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders

The body of the paper helps you to present your arguments and evidence to support your claims. You can use headings and subheadings developed in the paper’s outline to guide you on how to organize the body. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence to help the reader know what point you will be discussing in that paragraph. Support your claims using the evidence conducted from the research, ensure that you cite each source properly using in-text citations. You should analyze the evidence presented and explain its significance and how it connects to the thesis statement. You should maintain a logical flow between each paragraph by using transition words and a flow of ideas.

How to Write the In-text Citations for NURS 6501 Week 10 Knowledge Check: Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders

In-text citations help the reader to give credit to the authors of the references they have used in their works. All ideas that have been borrowed from references, any statistics and direct quotes must be referenced properly. The name and date of publication of the paper should be included when writing an in-text citation. For example, in APA, after stating the information, you can put an in-text citation after the end of the sentence, such as (Smith, 2021). If you are quoting directly from a source, include the page number in the citation, for example (Smith, 2021, p. 15). Remember to also include a corresponding reference list at the end of your paper that provides full details of each source cited in your text. An example paragraph highlighting the use of in-text citations is as below:

The integration of technology in nursing practice has significantly transformed patient care and improved health outcomes. According to Smith (2021), the use of electronic health records (EHRs) has streamlined communication among healthcare providers, allowing for more coordinated and efficient care delivery. Furthermore, Johnson and Brown (2020) highlight that telehealth services have expanded access to care, particularly for patients in rural areas, thereby reducing barriers to treatment.

How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 6501 Week 10 Knowledge Check: Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders

When writing the conclusion of the paper, start by restarting your thesis, which helps remind the reader what your paper is about. Summarize the key points of the paper, by restating them. Discuss the implications of your findings and your arguments. End with a call to action that leaves a lasting impact on the reader or recommendations.

How to Format the Reference List for NURS 6501 Week 10 Knowledge Check: Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders

The reference helps provide the reader with the complete details of the sources you cited in the paper. The reference list should start with the title “References” on a new page. It should be aligned center and bolded. The references should be organized in an ascending order alphabetically and each should have a hanging indent. If a source has no author, it should be alphabetized by the title of the work, ignoring any initial articles such as “A,” “An,” or “The.” If you have multiple works by the same author, list them in chronological order, starting with the earliest publication. 

Each reference entry should include specific elements depending on the type of source. For books, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the book in italics, the edition (if applicable), and the publisher’s name. For journal articles, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the article (not italicized), the title of the journal in italics, the volume number in italics, the issue number in parentheses (if applicable), and the page range of the article. For online sources, include the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or the URL at the end of the reference. An example reference list is as follows:

References

Johnson, L. M., & Brown, R. T. (2020). The role of telehealth in improving patient outcomes. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 35(2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000456

Smith, J. A. (2021). The impact of technology on nursing practice. Health Press.

NURS 6501 Week 10 Knowledge Check: Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders Instructions

In this exercise, you will complete a 5-essay type question Knowledge Check to gauge your understanding of this module’s content. Have a look at NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders.

Possible topics covered in this Knowledge Check include:

  • Sexually transmitted diseases
  • Prostate
  • Epididymitis
  • Factors that affect fertility
  • Reproductive health
  • Alterations and fertility
  • Anemia
  • ITP and TTP
  • DIC
  • Thrombocytopeni

Concepts of Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders Scenarios

Scenario 1: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

A 29-year-old female presents to the clinic with a complaint of hirsutism and irregular menses. She describes irregular and infrequent menses (five or six per year) since menarche at 11 years of age. She began to develop dark, coarse facial hair when she was 13 years of age, but her parents did not seek treatment or medical opinion at that time. The symptoms worsened after she gained weight in college. She got married 3 years ago and has been trying to get pregnant for the last 2 years without success. 

Height 66 inches and weight 198. BMI 32 kg.m2. Moderate hirsutism without virilization noted.  Laboratory data reveal CMP within normal limits (WNL), CBC with manual differential (WNL), TSH 0.9 IU/L SI units (normal 0.4-4.0 IU/L SI units), a total testosterone of 65 ng/dl (normal 2.4-47 ng/dl), and glycated hemoglobin level of 6.1% (normal value ≤5.6%). Based on this information, the APRN diagnoses the patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and refers her to the Women’s Health APRN for further workup and management.  

Question

  1. What is the pathogenesis of PCOS? 

Scenario 1: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

A 29-year-old female presents to the clinic with a complaint of hirsutism and irregular menses. She describes irregular and infrequent menses (five or six per year) since menarche at 11 years of age. She began to develop dark, coarse facial hair when she was 13 years of age, but her parents did not seek treatment or medical opinion at that time. The symptoms worsened after she gained weight in college. She got married 3 years ago and has been trying to get pregnant for the last 2 years without success. 

Height 66 inches and weight 198. BMI 32 kg.m2. Moderate hirsutism without virilization noted.  Laboratory data reveal CMP within normal limits (WNL), CBC with manual differential (WNL), TSH 0.9 IU/L SI units (normal 0.4-4.0 IU/L SI units), a total testosterone of 65 ng/dl (normal 2.4-47 ng/dl), and glycated hemoglobin level of 6.1% (normal value ≤5.6%). Based on this information, the APRN diagnoses the patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and refers her to the Women’s Health APRN for further workup and management.  

Question

How does PCOS affect a woman’s fertility or infertility? 

Scenario 2: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

A 30-year-old female comes to the clinic with a complaint of abdominal pain, foul smelling vaginal discharge, and fever and chills for the past 5 days. She denies nausea, vomiting, or difficulties with bowels. Last bowel movement this morning and was normal for her. Nothing has helped with the pain despite taking ibuprofen 200 mg orally several times a day. She describes the pain as sharp and localizes the pain to her lower abdomen. Past medical history noncontributory. GYN/Social history + for having had unprotected sex while at a fraternity party. 

Physical exam: thin, Ill appearing anxious looking white female who is moving around on the exam table and unable to find a comfortable position. Temperature 101.6F orally, pulse 120, respirations 22 and regular. Review of systems negative except for chief complaint. Focused assessment of abdomen demonstrated moderate pain to palpation left and right lower quadrants. Upper quadrants soft and non-tender. Bowel sounds diminished in bilateral lower quadrants. Pelvic exam demonstrated + adnexal tenderness, + cervical motion tenderness and copious amounts of greenish thick secretions. The APRN diagnoses the patient as having pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).  

Question:

1.     What is the pathophysiology of PID? 

Scenario 3: Syphilis

A 37-year-old male comes to the clinic with a complaint of a “sore on my penis” that has been there for 5 days. He says it burns and leaked a little fluid. He denies any other symptoms. Past medical history noncontributory. 

SH: Bartender and he states he often “hooks up” with some of the patrons, both male and female after work. He does not always use condoms.

PE: WNL except for a lesion on the lateral side of the penis adjacent to the glans. The area is indurated with a small round raised lesion. The APRN orders laboratory tests, but feels the patient has syphilis.  

Question:

1.     What are the 4 stages of syphilis 

NURS 6501 Week 10 Knowledge Check: Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders Sample Approach

Concept of Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections and Hematological Disorders

According to the World Health Organization, health is defined as the state of complete mental, social, and physical well-being and not just merely the absence of infirmity (McCartney et al., 2019). Infection, on the other hand, refers to the harmful invasion and subsequent growth of pathogens in the body. Signs and symptoms will develop as the body responds to the presence of these foreign entities. These pathogens include viruses, bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms. This invasion can affect various systems of the body, including the hematological system, causing hematological disorders.

Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Multiple ovarian cysts, hirsutism, and menstrual irregularities characterize polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. It affects women of childbearing age, but evidence shows that it can as well affect adolescents and postmenopausal women. According to Ganie et al. (2019), high levels of leptin are correlated with the high serum levels of testosterone seen in these patients. This is what brings about hirsutism.

Besides that, there are altered levels of proteins involved in processes like lipid transport, vascular development, and extracellular remodeling. This is what brings about the molecular derangements in folliculogenesis. In addition, there are deranged plasma amino acid levels. This caused reduced levels of nitric oxide, increased oxidative stress, and reduced levels of regulatory T cells. These factors working together lead to the development of polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Effect of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome On Fertility and Infertility

Fertility refers to the ability of a woman of reproductive age to conceive and give birth. In polycystic ovarian syndrome, there is an excess of androgen. This causes increased deposition of adipose tissue in the visceral organs. As a result, there is insulin resistance and the development of compensatory hyperinsulinemia.

The ovary and the adrenal glands are therefore stimulated to continue producing more androgens as compared to follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction and the above pathological interaction promote further ovarian dysfunction (Cunha & Póvoa, 2021). The ovary is, therefore, unable to produce quality and viable follicles that the male sperm can fertilize.

Pathophysiology of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

This is an inflammatory disease that affects the upper genital tract of women, that is, the uterus, the fallopian tubes, and the ovaries. It follows an infection of the genital tract. The inflammatory process causes damage to the genital tract, which includes partial or total obstruction of the fallopian tubes, scarring of the tissues, and adhesions. As a result, the ciliated epithelium in the fallopian tube is lost. The ovum can, therefore, not be transported from the ovary to the uterus. The patient can become infertile or be predisposed to developing ectopic pregnancies. In addition, there is also chronic pelvic pain that occurs due to adhesions (Mitchell et al., 2021).

The 4 Stages of Syphilis

Syphilis is a bacterial infection that affects multiple systems of the body. It is caused by Treponema pallidum. It can be acquired sexually or congenitally from an infected mother to her infant. Its four stages are primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary syphilis. The primary stage is where a painless chancre occurs at the initial inoculation site.

This is followed by the secondary stage, which involves the development of a maculopapular rash that affects the scalp, the palms, and even the soles. After some time without treatment, the symptoms of syphilis disappear, and the disease becomes dormant but can relapse at any time. The fourth stage is the tertiary stage, which is fatal since it involves neurosyphilis, gummatous syphilis, and cardiovascular syphilis (Ghanem et al., 2020).

Conclusion

Invasion of the human body by various pathogens can cause infections and diseases in both men and women. These diseases have different pathogeneses, pathophysiology, and clinical presentations. In addition, they can have various effects on the individual.

References

Cunha, A., & Póvoa, A. M. (2021). Infertility management in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a review. Porto Biomedical Journal, 6(1), e116. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000116

Ganie, M. A., Vasudevan, V., Wani, I. A., Baba, M. S., Arif, T., & Rashid, A. (2019). Epidemiology, pathogenesis, genetics & management of polycystic ovary syndrome in India. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 150(4), 333–344. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1937_17

Ghanem, K. G., Ram, S., & Rice, P. A. (2020). The modern epidemic of syphilis. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(9), 845–854. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1901593

McCartney, G., Popham, F., McMaster, R., & Cumbers, A. (2019). Defining health and health inequalities. Public Health, 172, 22–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2019.03.023

Mitchell, C. M., Anyalechi, G. E., Cohen, C. R., Haggerty, C. L., Manhart, L. E., & Hillier, S. L. (2021). Etiology and diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease: Looking beyond gonorrhea and chlamydia. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 224(12 Suppl 2), S29–S35. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab067