NUR 641E Topic 5: Cardiovascular System And Lymphatic System: Selected Pathophysiology And Pharmacologic Therapy

Objectives:

  1. Describe normal pathophysiology and alterations in the cardiovascular system and lymphatic system.
  2. Integrate knowledge of pathophysiology and pharmacology into teaching and educational materials in diverse settings.
  3. Describe a pharmacological intervention using an evidence-based treatment guideline.

Topic 5 DQ 1

Mar 31-Apr 2, 2022

Choose a medical condition from the cardiovascular system and lymphatic system and explain the pathophysiology changes that may occur. What patient education would need to be included related to this disorder? Make sure that you select a different medical condition than your peers. Include the name of the medical condition in the subject line so that the medical condition can be followed. Include your references in APA style.

REPLY TO DISCUSSION

NS

Nicole Santos

Posted Date

Apr 4, 2022, 12:44 PM

Read

Replies to Nicole Santos

ORTHOSTATIC (POSTURAL) HYPOTENSION

Orthostatic hypotension, or postural hypotension, refers to a decrease of 20 mmHg in systolic blood pressure, and a decrease of 10 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure within a period of 3 minutes when moving from a supine, to sitting, to standing position. Primary orthostatic hypotension is typically called neurogenic hypotension, which is a result of a neurologic disorder that affects the autonomic system. This increases sympathetic activity through baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch which prompts the increase in heart rate and constriction of systemic arteries that maintain stable blood pressure, which is not the case in individuals with orthostatic hypotension.

This disease is more common in older adults due to the slowing of postural reflexes as part of normal aging and other neurologic diseases like Parkinson and multiple system atrophy. Some patient education related to this order would be to change positions slowly to reduce light headedness and falls, drinking plenty of water, avoid crossing legs while sitting, and elevating the head of the bed.

Reference

McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E., Brashers, V. L., Rote, N. S., & McCance, K. L. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children

REPLY

  • LH


Topic 5 DQ 2

Mar 31-Apr 4, 2022

Select a medication used in evidence-based treatment guidelines for the condition chosen in the first discussion question. Share the mechanism of action of this medication and hints for monitoring, side effects, and drug interactions of which one should be aware. Make sure that you select a different medication than your peers. Include the name of the medication in the subject line so that the medications can be followed. Include your references in APA style.

REPLY TO DISCUSSION

VB

Vanessa Brown

Posted Date

Apr 5, 2022, 10:25 PM(edited)

Read

Replies to Vanessa Brown

Ketoprofen

Traditionally, lymphedema would be treated with compression garments, lymphatic massage, or surgical procedures. The treatment for lymphedema has not really included medication therapy, but there have been trials that have shown promising results with the NSAID ketoprofen (Rockson et al., 2018). The mechanism of action for ketoprofen is that of dual inflammatory inhibition pathways that blocks both cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-LO (Rockson et al., 2018). The inhibition of 5-LO then negatively effects leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production. The intended results from the use of ketoprofen was to reduce swelling,relieve pain, and improve the skin thickening that accompanies lymphedema. When taking this medication, monitoring of blood work will be needed with extended use to evaluate for toxicity, especially in high-risk patients (Drugs.com, n.d.). Monitoring for other dangerous adverse effects from ketoprofen should also be done. These include severe allergic reaction, possible heart attack or stroke, or gastrointestinal bleeding (Drugs.com, n.d.). Some of the common side effects of this NSAID are heartburn, gas, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and dizziness (Drugs.com, n.d.). Some possible drug interactions are easier bruising and bleeding with certain antidepressants, increased effect of anticoagulants, and GI issues with steroid medications (Drugs.com, n.d.).

References

Drugs.com. (n.d.). Ketoprofen. https://www.drugs.com/mtm/ketoprofen.html

Rockson, S. G., Tian, W., Jiang, X., Kuznetsova, T., Haddad, F., Zampell, J., Mehrara, B., Sampson, J. P., Roche, L., Kim, J., & Nicolls, M. R. (2018). Pilot studies demonstrate the potential benefits of anti-inflammatory therapy in human lymphedema. JCI Insight, 3(20). https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.123775