NUR 550 Topic 4 DQ 1 Distinguish between reliability and validity in research design.

NUR 550 Topic 4 DQ 1 Distinguish between reliability and validity in research design. – Step-by-Step Guide

The first step before starting to write the NUR 550 Topic 4 DQ 1 Distinguish between reliability and validity in research design. It is essential to understand the requirements of the assignment. The first step is to read the assignment prompt carefully to identify the topic, the length and format requirements. You should go through the rubric provided so that you can understand what is needed to score the maximum points for each part of the assignment. 

It is also important to identify the audience of the paper and its purpose so that it can help you determine the tone and style to use throughout. You can then create a timeline to help you complete each stage of the paper, such as conducting research, writing the paper, and revising it to avoid last-minute stress before the deadline. After identifying the formatting style to be applied to the paper, such as APA, you should review its use, such as writing citations and referencing the resources used. You should also review how to format the title page and the headings in the paper.

How to Research and Prepare for NUR 550 Topic 4 DQ 1 Distinguish between reliability and validity in research design.

The next step in preparing for your paper is to conduct research and identify the best sources to use to support your arguments. Identify the list of keywords from your topic using different combinations. The first step is to visit the university library and search through its database using the important keywords related to your topic. You can also find books, peer-reviewed articles, and credible sources for your topic from PubMed, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Ensure that you select the references that have been published in the last words and go through each to check for credibility. Ensure that you obtain the references in the required format, for example, in APA, so that you can save time when creating the final reference list. 

You can also group the references according to their themes that align with the outline of the paper. Go through each reference for its content and summarize the key concepts, arguments and findings for each source. You can write down your reflections on how each reference connects to the topic you are researching about. After the above steps, you can develop a strong thesis that is clear, concise and arguable. Next you should create a detailed outline of the paper so that it can help you to create headings and subheadings to be used in the paper. Ensure that you plan what point will go into each paragraph.

How to Write the Introduction for NUR 550 Topic 4 DQ 1 Distinguish between reliability and validity in research design.

The introduction of the paper is the most crucial part as it helps to provide the context of your work, and will determine if the reader will be interested to read through to the end. You should start with a hook, which will help capture the reader’s attention. You should contextualize the topic by offering the reader a concise overview of the topic you are writing about so that they may understand its importance. You should state what you aim to achieve with the paper. The last part of the introduction should be your thesis statement, which provides the main argument of the paper.

How to Write the Body for NUR 550 Topic 4 DQ 1 Distinguish between reliability and validity in research design.

The body of the paper helps you to present your arguments and evidence to support your claims. You can use headings and subheadings developed in the paper’s outline to guide you on how to organize the body. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence to help the reader know what point you will be discussing in that paragraph. Support your claims using the evidence conducted from the research, ensure that you cite each source properly using in-text citations. You should analyze the evidence presented and explain its significance and how it connects to the thesis statement. You should maintain a logical flow between each paragraph by using transition words and a flow of ideas.

How to Write the In-text Citations for NUR 550 Topic 4 DQ 1 Distinguish between reliability and validity in research design.

In-text citations help the reader to give credit to the authors of the references they have used in their works. All ideas that have been borrowed from references, any statistics and direct quotes must be referenced properly. The name and date of publication of the paper should be included when writing an in-text citation. For example, in APA, after stating the information, you can put an in-text citation after the end of the sentence, such as (Smith, 2021). If you are quoting directly from a source, include the page number in the citation, for example (Smith, 2021, p. 15). Remember to also include a corresponding reference list at the end of your paper that provides full details of each source cited in your text. An example paragraph highlighting the use of in-text citations is as below:

The integration of technology in nursing practice has significantly transformed patient care and improved health outcomes. According to Smith (2021), the use of electronic health records (EHRs) has streamlined communication among healthcare providers, allowing for more coordinated and efficient care delivery. Furthermore, Johnson and Brown (2020) highlight that telehealth services have expanded access to care, particularly for patients in rural areas, thereby reducing barriers to treatment.

How to Write the Conclusion for NUR 550 Topic 4 DQ 1 Distinguish between reliability and validity in research design.

When writing the conclusion of the paper, start by restarting your thesis, which helps remind the reader what your paper is about. Summarize the key points of the paper, by restating them. Discuss the implications of your findings and your arguments. End with a call to action that leaves a lasting impact on the reader or recommendations.

How to Format the Reference List for NUR 550 Topic 4 DQ 1 Distinguish between reliability and validity in research design.

The reference helps provide the reader with the complete details of the sources you cited in the paper. The reference list should start with the title “References” on a new page. It should be aligned center and bolded, in sentence sentence care. The references should be organized in an ascending order alphabetically and each should have a hanging indent. If a source has no author, it should be alphabetized by the title of the work, ignoring any initial articles such as “A,” “An,” or “The.” If you have multiple works by the same author, list them in chronological order, starting with the earliest publication. 

Each reference entry should include specific elements depending on the type of source. For books, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the book in italics, the edition (if applicable), and the publisher’s name. For journal articles, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the article (not italicized), the title of the journal in italics, the volume number in italics, the issue number in parentheses (if applicable), and the page range of the article. For online sources, include the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or the URL at the end of the reference. An example reference list is as follows:

References

Johnson, L. M., & Brown, R. T. (2020). The role of telehealth in improving patient outcomes. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 35(2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000456

Smith, J. A. (2021). The impact of technology on nursing practice. Health Press.

Instructions for NUR 550 Topic 4 DQ 1 Distinguish between reliability and validity in research design.

Distinguish between reliability and validity in research design. Using a translational research article from your graphic organizer, analyze the methods and results sections to discuss reliability and validity as it relates to the translational research. Include the permalink to the article in your reference. Check out NUR 550 Topic 4 DQ 2 Identify a data collection tool you could use for your research. 

Example 1 for NUR 550 Topic 4 DQ 1 Distinguish between reliability and validity in research design.

Reliability and validity are separate concepts that researchers depend upon for quality and reputable information. Reliability tells you that results of a certain action can be reproduced when under the same or similar conditions. It also shows how consistently a method may measure something. This provides consistency in multiple settings that can be conducted at any time. In health care, this is something we like to see which aide in preventative measures. This does not necessarily alway provide a desirable outcome but can aid in prevention if used correctly. Research is vital to identify the good and bad. 

On the other hand, we have validity, which determines the accuracy of the intended method that it is intended to measure; this concept asks the question: “do the results actually represent what they claim to be measuring?”. When gauging validity, one must have a broad range of knowledge in the topic or subject being measured.

An example utilized through translational research discusses the validity of system review of patient derived xenograft models with oncology and the development drugs. “The validation criteria that most commonly failed (evidence to the contrary) were: tissue of origin not proven and histology of the xenograft not comparable to the parental tumor” (Collins & Lange, 2018). If results are unreliable, they cannot be valid. Similarly, valid results are also reliable. The criteria for strong and quality results are established with reliability and validity. 

Reference

Collins, A. T., & Lang, S. H. (2018). A systematic review of the validity of patient derived xenograft (PDX) models: the implications for translational research and personalised medicine. PeerJ, 6, e5981. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5981

Example 2 for NUR 550 Topic 4 DQ 1 Distinguish between reliability and validity in research design.

Measuring the quality of research is integral before utilizing the results or methods of the study. Reliability and validity, the focus of this discussion, is vital in assessing the validity and reliability of research. The validity of a research study refers to how well the results represent accurate findings if the study was repeated in similar individuals rather. It measures the accuracy of the results and their replicability in the population. Validity spans from participant selection, data collection methods, analysis, and bias analysis and handling.

The reliability of research refers to the research methods’ ability to reproduce similar results when implemented with multiple results. Reliability and validity are essential as they test the quality of research by determining how well the method, technique, or test measures something. They are somewhat confused scholars, but reliability tests consistency while validity tests the accuracy of research (Weiss et al., 2019). An interesting article for this research is by Fahmy et al. (2018). The study collected 155 errors from a study. It analyzed each of the errors collected by either of the two methods (“an adapted form of the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCC MERP) and the Deaner and Barber methods”). The researchers then analyzed the scores to determine their differences using the scatter plot and calculated Spearman’s correlation coefficient.\

The sample size, 155, is large and can help generalize the results on other similar studies, hence the validity of the results. However, the small population size could negatively affect the validity of the results because, as the authors mention, most of the errors in the study for which the results were collected had minor clinical significance. The significant errors with clinical significance were few and not well-represented (Fahmy et al., 2018). The number of errors (population) was relatively small, and taking the whole population was thus the ideal decision. The study used reliable results analysis methods such as Spearman’s correlation coefficient. These methods are reputable and reliable. The results from the study show a weak but significant correlation. The study is also peer-reviewed. An analysis of the research methods and test results shows that the research results are reliable and valid.

References

Fahmy, S., Garfield, S., Furniss, D., Blandford, A., & Franklin, B. D. (2018). A comparison of two methods of assessing the potential clinical importance of medication errors. Safety in Health, 4(1),1-4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40886-018-0071-3

Weiss, M. E., Bobay, K. L., Johantgen, M., & Shirey, M. R. (2018). Aligning evidence-based practice with translational research: Opportunities for clinical practice research. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 48(9), 425-431.