NUR 550 Evidence-Based Practice Project: Evaluation of Literature Table

NUR 550 Evidence-Based Practice Project: Evaluation of Literature Table – Step-by-Step Guide

The first step before starting to write the NUR 550 Evidence-Based Practice Project: Evaluation of Literature Table, it is essential to understand the requirements of the assignment. The first step is to read the assignment prompt carefully to identify the topic, the length and format requirements. You should go through the rubric provided so that you can understand what is needed to score the maximum points for each part of the assignment. 

It is also important to identify the audience of the paper and its purpose so that it can help you determine the tone and style to use throughout. You can then create a timeline to help you complete each stage of the paper, such as conducting research, writing the paper, and revising it to avoid last-minute stress before the deadline. After identifying the formatting style to be applied to the paper, such as APA, you should review its use, such as writing citations and referencing the resources used. You should also review how to format the title page and the headings in the paper.

How to Research and Prepare for NUR 550 Evidence-Based Practice Project: Evaluation of Literature Table

The next step in preparing for your paper is to conduct research and identify the best sources to use to support your arguments. Identify the list of keywords from your topic using different combinations. The first step is to visit the university library and search through its database using the important keywords related to your topic. You can also find books, peer-reviewed articles, and credible sources for your topic from PubMed, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Ensure that you select the references that have been published in the last words and go through each to check for credibility. Ensure that you obtain the references in the required format, for example, in APA, so that you can save time when creating the final reference list. 

You can also group the references according to their themes that align with the outline of the paper. Go through each reference for its content and summarize the key concepts, arguments and findings for each source. You can write down your reflections on how each reference connects to the topic you are researching about. After the above steps, you can develop a strong thesis that is clear, concise and arguable. Next you should create a detailed outline of the paper so that it can help you to create headings and subheadings to be used in the paper. Ensure that you plan what point will go into each paragraph.

How to Write the Introduction for NUR 550 Evidence-Based Practice Project: Evaluation of Literature Table

The introduction of the paper is the most crucial part as it helps to provide the context of your work, and will determine if the reader will be interested to read through to the end. You should start with a hook, which will help capture the reader’s attention. You should contextualize the topic by offering the reader a concise overview of the topic you are writing about so that they may understand its importance. You should state what you aim to achieve with the paper. The last part of the introduction should be your thesis statement, which provides the main argument of the paper.

How to Write the Body for NUR 550 Evidence-Based Practice Project: Evaluation of Literature Table

The body of the paper helps you to present your arguments and evidence to support your claims. You can use headings and subheadings developed in the paper’s outline to guide you on how to organize the body. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence to help the reader know what point you will be discussing in that paragraph. Support your claims using the evidence conducted from the research, ensure that you cite each source properly using in-text citations. You should analyze the evidence presented and explain its significance and how it connects to the thesis statement. You should maintain a logical flow between each paragraph by using transition words and a flow of ideas.

How to Write the In-text Citations for NUR 550 Evidence-Based Practice Project: Evaluation of Literature Table

In-text citations help the reader to give credit to the authors of the references they have used in their works. All ideas that have been borrowed from references, any statistics and direct quotes must be referenced properly. The name and date of publication of the paper should be included when writing an in-text citation. For example, in APA, after stating the information, you can put an in-text citation after the end of the sentence, such as (Smith, 2021). If you are quoting directly from a source, include the page number in the citation, for example (Smith, 2021, p. 15). Remember to also include a corresponding reference list at the end of your paper that provides full details of each source cited in your text. An example paragraph highlighting the use of in-text citations is as below:

The integration of technology in nursing practice has significantly transformed patient care and improved health outcomes. According to Smith (2021), the use of electronic health records (EHRs) has streamlined communication among healthcare providers, allowing for more coordinated and efficient care delivery. Furthermore, Johnson and Brown (2020) highlight that telehealth services have expanded access to care, particularly for patients in rural areas, thereby reducing barriers to treatment.

How to Write the Conclusion for NUR 550 Evidence-Based Practice Project: Evaluation of Literature Table

When writing the conclusion of the paper, start by restarting your thesis, which helps remind the reader what your paper is about. Summarize the key points of the paper, by restating them. Discuss the implications of your findings and your arguments. End with a call to action that leaves a lasting impact on the reader or recommendations.

How to Format the Reference List for NUR 550 Evidence-Based Practice Project: Evaluation of Literature Table

The reference helps provide the reader with the complete details of the sources you cited in the paper. The reference list should start with the title “References” on a new page. It should be aligned center and bolded, in sentence sentence care. The references should be organized in an ascending order alphabetically and each should have a hanging indent. If a source has no author, it should be alphabetized by the title of the work, ignoring any initial articles such as “A,” “An,” or “The.” If you have multiple works by the same author, list them in chronological order, starting with the earliest publication. 

Each reference entry should include specific elements depending on the type of source. For books, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the book in italics, the edition (if applicable), and the publisher’s name. For journal articles, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the article (not italicized), the title of the journal in italics, the volume number in italics, the issue number in parentheses (if applicable), and the page range of the article. For online sources, include the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or the URL at the end of the reference. An example reference list is as follows:

References

Johnson, L. M., & Brown, R. T. (2020). The role of telehealth in improving patient outcomes. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 35(2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000456

Smith, J. A. (2021). The impact of technology on nursing practice. Health Press.

NUR 550 Evidence-Based Practice Project: Evaluation of Literature Table Instructions

The purpose of this assignment is to provide research evidence in support of the PICOT you developed for your selected topic.

Conduct a search for 6 peer-reviewed, translational research articles published within the last 5 years that demonstrate support for your PICOT. You may include research articles from assignments completed previously in this course. Use the “Literature Evaluation Table” provided to evaluate the articles and explain how the research supports your PICOT.

Once your instructor returns this assignment, review the feedback and make any revisions necessary. If you are directed by your instructor to select different articles in order to meet the assignment criteria or to better support your PICOT, make these changes accordingly. You will use the literature evaluated in this assignment for all subsequent assignments you develop as part of your evidence-based practice project proposal in this course and in NUR-590, during which you will synthesize all of the sections into a final written paper detailing your evidence-based practice project proposal.

Refer to “Evidence-Based Practice Project Proposal – Assignment Overview,” located in Class Resources, for an overview of the evidence-based practice project proposal assignments. Check out NUR 550 Topic 6 DQ 1 Evaluate a clinical preventative intervention designed to promote health and wellness for populations.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.

Attachments

NUR-550-RS5-LiteratureEvaluationTable.docx

NUR 550 Evidence-Based Practice Project: Evaluation of Literature Table Example 1

Literature Evaluation Table

Name of the Writer

Institution Name

Instructor Name

Date formatted as Month Day, Year

Literature Evaluation TableLearner Name:

PICOT:

Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article	Article Title and Year Published	Research Questions/ Hypothesis, and Purpose/Aim of Study	Design (Quantitative, Qualitative, or other)	Setting/Sample	Methods: Intervention/ Instruments	Analysis/Data Collection	Outcomes/Key Findings	Recommendations	Explanation of How the Article Supports Your Proposed EBP Practice Project Proposal
Reynolds, S. S., Woltz, P., Keating, E., Neff, J., Elliott, J., Hatch, D., … Granger, B. B. (2021). Results of the Chlorhexidine Gluconate Bathing implementation intervention to improve evidence-based nursing practices for prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections Study (CHanGing BathS): a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial. Implementation Science: IS, 16(1), 45. doi:10.1186/s13012-021-01112-4	2021	CLABSI causes up to 28000 deaths yet it is preventable. Bathing with CHG has proved to reduce harm yet its uptake in the clinical setting is poor. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the implementation of a multifaceted program on nurses’ compliance to the bathing process with chlorhexidine and documentation into electronic health records. The secondary objective was to determine the effects of the intervention on the rate of CLABSI.	Qualitative – Clustered-randomized design and clustering of units into 4 sequences using step wedge.	14 clinical units were used, 8 being university hospitals while 6 were hospitals in community settings.	Conducting education outreach feedback and auditing. Daily bathing of patients with Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG). The study was guided by the Grol and Wasening model of Implementation	Champion nurses for infection prevention and control observed nurses providing CHG baths. The champion nurse documented the body parts bathed with CHG and conducted an audit while remaining anonymous. Data obtained was fed into RedCap for analysis.	Compliance with the bathing process and the perception and knowledge towards bathing with CHG improved. There was a decrease in the rate of CLASI by 27.4% (Reynolds et al., 2021)	Conducting educational outreach, assessing feedback, and conducting periodic audits can improve knowledge and adoption of using CHG to bath patients thus leading to reduced CLABSI	This article is essential in improving nurses` knowledge about the process of bathing patients with CHG and its importance. Also, educating and engaging nurses in practice is essential in lowering CLABSI.
Urbancic, K. F., Mårtensson, J., Glassford, N., Eyeington, C., Robbins, R., Ward, P. B., … Bellomo, R. (2018). Impact of unit-wide chlorhexidine bathing in intensive care on bloodstream infection and drug-resistant organism acquisition. Critical Care and Resuscitation: Journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine, 20(2), 109–116. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29852849/	2018	CHG bathing reduces the rate of CLABSI as evidenced in many settings. The effectiveness of CHG had not been established in Australia. The objective was to the effectiveness of introducing CHG bathing in preventing CLABSI and multi-drug resistant organisms.	Sequential, single-centered observation study	The study was conducted in a tertiary Australian ICU. 4262 patients were included in the study	Bathing daily using CHG was compared with triclosan in preventing CLABSI	Nurses were observed as they conducted the bathing process. Clinical and microbiological data of patients were compared before and 12 months after the introduction of CHG bathing	The findings revealed a significant decrease in MRSA with minimal change in the rate of CLABSI (Urbancic et al., 2018)	The bathing process with CHG should be done appropriately	The result showed a reduced rate of MRSA which is a common cause of CLABSI. This research conquers with my PICOT in reducing CLABSI through reducing the rates of MRSA.
Denny, J., & Munro, C. L. (2017). Chlorhexidine bathing effects on health-care-associated infections. Biological Research for Nursing, 19(2), 123–136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099800416654013	2017	Skin colonization with microbial leads to increased incidences of hospital-acquired infections including CLABSI. Appropriate use of CHG helps in preventing CLABSI. The purpose of the research was to assess the impact of CHG based on literature.	A literature search of peer-reviewed articles	23 articles were reviewed	Comparison of different results from different pieces of literature concerning the effectiveness of bathing with CHG	A literature search from PubMed and CINANHL.	The results showed that incorporation of CHG bathing leads to reduced CLABSI, MRSA, and surgical site infections incidences (Denny & Munro, 2017).	CHG bathing should be standard practice that helps in preventing HAIs. Monitoring of resistance should also be monitored.	The literature from this research reveals that the use of CHG is simple and effective in preventing CLABSI and therefore, should be incorporated into clinical practice to reduce the rate of infections. this will in turn reduce hospitalization time and cost of treatment.
Musuuza, J. S., Roberts, T. J., Carayon, P., & Safdar, N. (2017). Assessing the sustainability of daily chlorhexidine bathing in the intensive care unit of a Veteran’s Hospital by examining nurses’ perspectives and experiences. BMC Infectious Diseases, 17(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2180-8	2017	The hypothesis of the study was based on the assumption that daily bathing of ICU patients with CHG reduces the risk of HAIs. The objective was to assess facilitators and barriers to daily bathing while describing the process of bathing using CHG.	Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews.	The study was conducted in a veterans administration hospital. 26 individuals working in the ICU were included in the study.	The bathing process was demonstrated while identifying the barriers and facilitators of the process.	Data was collected using semi-structured interviews that lasted an average of 26 minutes. Qualitative content analysis was used for the analysis and coding of data.	The research revealed some barriers to bathing patients with CHG included workload, scheduling, and some patient factors including hypersensitivity, general hygiene, and patient refusal (Musuuza et al., 2017). Facilitators of the process included the availability of CHG soap, the policy of bathing with CHG daily, and reminders by nurse managers.	Addressing barriers related to patients, staff, and the organization should be done to improve the process of bathing.	The study is useful in addressing some barriers and facilitators to CHG bathing. Putting in place measures that counter those barriers can lead to enhanced adoption of CHG bathing in ICU patients. This can result in decreased CLABSI while enhancing patient outcomes.
Zerr, D. M., Milstone, A. M., Dvorak, C. C., Adler, A. L., Chen, L., Villaluna, D., Dang, H., Qin, X., Addetia, A., Yu, L. C., Conway Keller, M., Esbenshade, A. J., August, K. J., Fisher, B. T., & Sung, L. (2020). Chlorhexidine gluconate bathing in children with cancer or those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial from the Children’s Oncology Group. Cancer, 127(1), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.33271     Giri, V. K., Kegerreis, K. G., Ren, Y., Bohannon, L. M., Lobaugh-Jin, E., Messina, J. A., Matthews, A., Mowery, Y. M., Sito, E., Lassiter, M., Saullo, J. L., Jung, S.-H., Ma, L., Greenberg, M., Andermann, T. M., van den Brink, M. R. M., Peled, J. U., Gomes, A. L. C., Choi, T., … Sung, A. D. (2021). Chlorhexidine gluconate bathing reduces the incidence of bloodstream infections in adults undergoing inpatient hematopoietic cell transplantation. Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, 27(3), 262.e1-262.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtct.2021.01.004	2020                                                           2021	The hypothesis of the study was based on the fact that CHG reduced rates of CHG. However, its efficacy had not been tested in oncology patients or those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell replacement                                               Bloodstream infections account for up to 45% of infections in patients undergoing allogeneic HC (Giri et al., 2021). The use of CHG in critically ill reduces the rates of infection. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of bathing with CHG on the adult patient undergoing allogeneic HCT.	Randomized, placebo-controlled trial                                                           Prospective cohort study	The study was carried out in 36 centers in Canada and the USA. Patients > 2 months and <22 rears were eligible for the study. 177 patients were enrolled in the study.                                                 The study was conducted at the Duke University Medical Center for 3 years. 192 patients were assessed while grouped into 4 categories.	Patients were grouped into 2 groups. One group was used as a control while the other group was bathed daily using CHG for 90 days.                                                 Patients were grouped into 4 based on the compliance to CHG use. Categories include high, medium, low, and none.	Blood cultures were performed on enrolled patients to determine the various causes of infections.                                                       Blood cultures were collected to assess the presence of infection. Analysis was done using a univariate trend.	The result revealed minimal effects of CHG in reducing infections in patients undergoing allogeneic HCT.  The group receiving CHG had a CLABSI rate of 5.44 compared to 3.10 in the control group (Zerr et al.). However, the study was stopped due to poor accrual.                                     The results showed a reduced rate of bloodstream infection by 15.6% on those who frequently used CHG.	The use of CHG did not show much effect in cancer patients, however, more studies should be conducted to ascertain its effect. Premature stoppage of the study may have influenced the results negatively.                                               Daily bathing of adults undergoing allogeneic HCT is beneficial should be implemented in patients with cancer.	This study was useful in explaining some incidences when CHG use is not beneficial. This gives clear guidelines about the kind of patients that will benefit from a certain intervention. It also provided a platform on which future researches will be based.                                                 The research supports my PICOT question on the effectiveness of CHG in reducing CLABSI.
Lowe, C. F., Lloyd-Smith, E., Sidhu, B., Ritchie, G., Sharma, A., Jang, W., Wong, A., Bilawka, J., Richards, D., Kind, T., Puddicombe, D., Champagne, S., Leung, V., & Romney, M. G. (2017). Reduction in hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus with daily chlorhexidine gluconate bathing for medical inpatients. American Journal of Infection Control, 45(3), 255–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2016.09.019		The study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of CHG bathing in reducing MRSA in noncritical patients	Prospective crossover study	The study was conducted in a Canadian academic hospital for 8 months	CHG was used on a group of patients while the controls bathed using water and nonmedicated soap.	Blood cultures and lab results were used as data.	The results showed that 58% of individuals complied with CHG bathing. The rate of hospital associate MRSA decreased by 55% for those who complied with CHG compared to 36% for controls (Lowe et al., 2017).	Daily bathing with CHG in noncritical patients is effective in reducing MRSA and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE).	The research is useful in stressing the efficacy of chlorhexidine overuse of nonmedicated soap in the prevention of infection. My PICOT assesses the same effect.
Reagan, K. A., Chan, D. M., Vanhoozer, G., Stevens, M. P., Doll, M., Godbout, E. J., Cooper, K., Pryor, R. J., Hemphill, R. R., & Bearman, G. (2019). You get back what you give: Decreased hospital infections with improvement in CHG bathing, mathematical modeling, and cost analysis. American Journal of Infection Control, 47(12), 1471–1473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2019.07.003	2019	the hypothesis of the study was based on previous results that demonstrated the impact of CHG in reducing the rate of HAIs. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of reduced HAIs on the cost of care.	Mathematical analysis using Markov Chain.	The study compared to different studies that showed reduced incidences of CLABSI CAUTIs.	The cost of caring for patients with CHG verse those without was compared	The study revealed that reduction of HAIs by 32% attributed to the use of CHG lead to reduced cost of care by $815,301.75 (Reagan et al., 2019).	Compliance with CHG bathing is beneficial in reducing the cost of treatment and should be implemented in the care of critically ill patients.	The finding from the research conquers the objectives derived from my PICOT which aim at reducing cost through reducing infection rates.	Understanding the impact of reduced infection on the reduction of cost of care is essential in encouraging healthcare workers to adhere to simple rules to save the lives of patients.
Eggimann, P., Pagani, J.-L., Dupuis-Lozeron, E., Ms, B. E., Thévenin, M.-J., Joseph, C., Revelly, J.-P., & Que, Y.-A. (2019). Sustained reduction of catheter-associated bloodstream infections with the enhancement of catheter bundle by chlorhexidine dressings over 11 years. Intensive Care Medicine, 45(6), 823–833. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-019-05617-x		The study hypothesis was based on evidence from prospective randomized control that demonstrated the positive impact of using CHG in reducing CLABSI.	Real-world data study in a stepwise manner.	The study was carried out in Switzerland in the ICU of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and another referral hospital. Only available patients were studied irrespective of their conditions. The study was done from 2006 to 2018.	The intervention was provided in a step-wise model. Catheter bundle care was observed with a gradual introduction of CHG in care. CHG gel and sponge dressing were used.	Data regarding the length of stay in the hospital and ICU were collected from each patient. SAPS II score was used.	The results revealed a progressive decrease in the rate of CLABSI over time with the introduction of CHG over the eleven years (Eggimann et al., 2019).	The use of CHG in the catheter bundle showed a reduction in the rate of CLABSI. This recommends for its daily use in caring for patients.	This study was useful in expanding the importance of CHG in caring for the patient. Knowledge from this study can be used in improving care to reduce infection rates.
Patel, P. K., Greene, M. T., Jones, K., Rolle, A. J., Ratz, D., Snyder, A., Saint, S., & Chopra, V. (2019). Quantitative results of a national intervention to prevent central line-associated bloodstream infection: A pre-post observational study: A pre-post observational study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 171(7_Suppl), S23–S29. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-3533		CLABSI is still prevalent in most hospitals in the USA. The goal of the study aimed to evaluate the effects of multimodal interventions in the reduction of HAIs	Observational study using clustered non-randomized trial in 3 cohorts of the hospital.	The study included 462 hospitals, 24 within Colombia district with other hospitals in rural and urban centers	The nursing staff was provided with knowledge about the care of patients through webinars, videos, and interaction with experts. A device proven to reduce the rate of HIAs was used on patients.	Data was collected using tabulations. Further information was retrieved from hospital records. The results were compared at pre and post-interventional periods.	At the beginning of the study, the CLABSI rates were at 71.4 per 1000 catheter days. During the intervention and post-intervention period, the rate of CLABSI reduced to 0.80 per 1000 catheter days (Patel et al., 2019). Device utilization rate decreased during and after the study.	The multimodal approach is effective in reducing the rates of CLABSI when used appropriately. More research was to be done to show the efficiency of the device in reducing HAIs.	The knowledge from the study helps appreciate the role of various approaches including the use of CHG in reducing infections.