NRS 465 Benchmark – Capstone Project Change Proposal
In this assignment, students will pull together the capstone project change proposal components they have been working on throughout the course to create a proposal inclusive of sections for each content focus area in the course. For this project, the student will apply evidence-based research steps and processes required as the foundation to address a clinically oriented problem or issue in future practice.
Develop a 2,500-3,000-word written project that includes the following information as it applies to the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need profiled in the capstone change proposal:
- Background of clinical problem
- Clinical problem statement (Topic 3 assignment)
- Purpose of the change proposal in relation to providing patient care in the changing health care system (Topic 2 assignment)
- PICOT question (Topic 3 assignment)
- Literature search strategy employed (Topic 4 assignment)
- Synthesis of literature review (Topic 6 assignment)
- Applicable change or nursing theory utilized (Topic 4 DQ 2)
- Proposed implementation plan with outcome measures (Topic 5 assignment)
- Plan for evaluating the proposed nursing intervention (Topic 6 assignment)
- Identification of potential barriers to plan implementation, and a discussion of how these could be overcome (Topic 5 DQ 2 and any other barriers that have not yet been considered)
- Appendix section: Update the Capstone Change Project Evaluation plan developed in Topic 7 as needed. Include it as Appendix A. Additional items developed for your capstone project (i.e., patient or staff education materials, etc.) can also be attached but are optional.
Review the feedback from your instructor on the Capstone Project assignments submitted throughout the course and referenced above. Use this feedback to make appropriate revisions to these before submitting.
You are required to cite a minimum of five peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the past 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance. Check Topic 9 tasks, beginning with NRS 465 Topic 9 dq 1.
Benchmark Information
This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies:
RN-BSN
1.3: Demonstrate clinical judgment founded on a broad knowledge base. 2.5: Develop a plan of care.
4.2: Integrate best evidence into nursing practice.
American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education This assignment aligns to AACN Core Competencies 1.3, 2.5, 3.3, 3.5, 4.2, 10.2, 10.3
NRS 465 Benchmark – Capstone Project Change Proposal – Step-by-Step Guide
The first step before starting to write the NRS 465 Benchmark – Capstone Project Change Proposal, it is essential to understand the requirements of the assignment. The first step is to read the assignment prompt carefully to identify the topic, the length and format requirements. You should go through the rubric provided so that you can understand what is needed to score the maximum points for each part of the assignment.
It is also important to identify the audience of the paper and its purpose so that it can help you determine the tone and style to use throughout. You can then create a timeline to help you complete each stage of the paper, such as conducting research, writing the paper, and revising it to avoid last-minute stress before the deadline. After identifying the formatting style to be applied to the paper, such as APA, you should review its use, such as writing citations and referencing the resources used. You should also review how to format the title page and the headings in the paper.
How to Research and Prepare for NRS 465 Benchmark – Capstone Project Change Proposal
The next step in preparing for your paper is to conduct research and identify the best sources to use to support your arguments. Identify the list of keywords from your topic using different combinations. The first step is to visit the university library and search through its database using the important keywords related to your topic. You can also find books, peer-reviewed articles, and credible sources for your topic from PubMed, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Ensure that you select the references that have been published in the last words and go through each to check for credibility.
Ensure that you obtain the references in the required format, for example, in APA, so that you can save time when creating the final reference list. You can also group the references according to their themes that align with the outline of the paper. Go through each reference for its content and summarize the key concepts, arguments and findings for each source. You can write down your reflections on how each reference connects to the topic you are researching about. After the above steps, you can develop a strong thesis that is clear, concise and arguable. Next you should create a detailed outline of the paper so that it can help you to create headings and subheadings to be used in the paper. Ensure that you plan what point will go into each paragraph.
How to Write the Introduction for NRS 465 Benchmark – Capstone Project Change Proposal
The introduction of the paper is the most crucial part as it helps to provide the context of your work, and will determine if the reader will be interested to read through to the end. You should start with a hook, which will help capture the reader’s attention. You should contextualize the topic by offering the reader a concise overview of the topic you are writing about so that they may understand its importance. You should state what you aim to achieve with the paper. The last part of the introduction should be your thesis statement, which provides the main argument of the paper.
How to Write the Body for NRS 465 Benchmark – Capstone Project Change Proposal
The body of the paper helps you to present your arguments and evidence to support your claims. You can use headings and subheadings developed in the paper’s outline to guide you on how to organize the body. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence to help the reader know what point you will be discussing in that paragraph. Support your claims using the evidence conducted from the research, ensure that you cite each source properly using in-text citations. You should analyze the evidence presented and explain its significance and how it connects to the thesis statement. You should maintain a logical flow between each paragraph by using transition words and a flow of ideas.
How to Write the In-text Citations for NRS 465 Benchmark – Capstone Project Change Proposal
In-text citations help the reader to give credit to the authors of the references they have used in their works. All ideas that have been borrowed from references, any statistics and direct quotes must be referenced properly. The name and date of publication of the paper should be included when writing an in-text citation. For example, in APA, after stating the information, you can put an in-text citation after the end of the sentence, such as (Smith, 2021). If you are quoting directly from a source, include the page number in the citation, for example (Smith, 2021, p. 15). Remember to also include a corresponding reference list at the end of your paper that provides full details of each source cited in your text. An example paragraph highlighting the use of in-text citations is as below:
The integration of technology in nursing practice has significantly transformed patient care and improved health outcomes. According to Smith (2021), the use of electronic health records (EHRs) has streamlined communication among healthcare providers, allowing for more coordinated and efficient care delivery. Furthermore, Johnson and Brown (2020) highlight that telehealth services have expanded access to care, particularly for patients in rural areas, thereby reducing barriers to treatment.
How to Write the Conclusion for NRS 465 Benchmark – Capstone Project Change Proposal
When writing the conclusion of the paper, start by restarting your thesis, which helps remind the reader what your paper is about. Summarize the key points of the paper, by restating them. Discuss the implications of your findings and your arguments. End with a call to action that leaves a lasting impact on the reader or recommendations.
How to Format the Reference List for NRS 465 Benchmark – Capstone Project Change Proposal
The reference helps provide the reader with the complete details of the sources you cited in the paper. The reference list should start with the title “References” on a new page. It should be aligned center and bolded, in sentence sentence care. The references should be organized in an ascending order alphabetically and each should have a hanging indent. If a source has no author, it should be alphabetized by the title of the work, ignoring any initial articles such as “A,” “An,” or “The.” If you have multiple works by the same author, list them in chronological order, starting with the earliest publication.
Each reference entry should include specific elements depending on the type of source. For books, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the book in italics, the edition (if applicable), and the publisher’s name. For journal articles, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the article (not italicized), the title of the journal in italics, the volume number in italics, the issue number in parentheses (if applicable), and the page range of the article. For online sources, include the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or the URL at the end of the reference. An example reference list is as follows:
References
Johnson, L. M., & Brown, R. T. (2020). The role of telehealth in improving patient outcomes. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 35(2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000456
Smith, J. A. (2021). The impact of technology on nursing practice. Health Press.
NRS 465 Benchmark – Capstone Project Change Proposal: The Efficacy of Social Distancing and Contact Tracing in Mitigating the Transmission of COVID-19 in Assisted Living and Group Homes
Background of the Clinical Problem
The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, after being detected for the first time in 2003 (WHO, 2020). Following the first human cases reported and an alarming increase in the number of people infected, the healthcare system conducted rapid investigations to understand the epidemiology of the disease, its origin, and the source of the outbreak. The epidemiology led to learning that the virus could have originated from an animal source, and the infection spread rapidly due to starting in a market environment (WHO, 2020). The virus, being highly contagious, was easily spread from one person to another.
The COVID-19 disease has brought about various issues. For instance, the clinical issue posed by the disease revolves around its ability to cause respiratory illnesses, and older adults and those with underlying health issues are at an increased risk. Additionally, Mallah et al. (2021) note that the condition’s rapid spread became a clinical problem that mandated the involvement of a wide array of strategies to control it, including public health measures such as social distancing, use of personal protective equipment, contact tracing, quarantine, and isolation, as well as development and deployment of vaccines. However, despite straining the healthcare systems, there was a new wave of appreciating telehealth and telemedicine, expanding hospital capacity, and developing treatment protocols to incorporate managing patient care while minimizing the transmission risk for both care providers and the general population (Simon, 2021).
Clinical Problem Statement
The COVID-19 has caused significant negative consequences since its emergence in late 2019. For instance, the number in Union County, New Jersey, was astonishing. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported approximately 16,320 individuals were infected, with over 1130 fatalities. The pandemic’s immense impact burdened the county’s healthcare system due to its constrained resources. One of the primary requirements of the community, in addition to the scarcity or excessive pricing of Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs), is the necessity for Social Distancing (SD). The overpopulation in the area has become a cause for concern within the community. Therefore, there was a need to assess the efficacy of public health measures such as social distancing in mitigating the transmission of the disease, especially in overpopulated areas such as assisted living and group homes with high-risk individuals such as older adults.
Change Proposal Purpose
The change proposal aims to assess the efficacy of public health measures such as contact tracing and social distancing in mitigating COVID-19 transmission. It is crucial to assess the efficacy of measures to mitigate the transmission of COVID-19 to promote resource management in the healthcare system, ensure continuity of care, and inform policy and decision-making. According to Chen et al. (2023), slowing down COVID-19 infection transmissions enables the healthcare system to manage resources more effectively, thus enabling the changing system to provide adequate patient care without being overwhelmed.
Additionally, effective social distancing measures prevent disruptions in healthcare services, thus enabling facilities to continue providing essential care services to patients, including those with other healthcare conditions. Milne and Xie (2020) note that assessing the efficacy of social distancing measures provides data and insights that help inform public health policies and other healthcare decision-making. The dynamic healthcare system can also adjust the strategies and interventions required to effectively control the spread of the virus, thus mitigating its impact on patient care.
PICOT Question
The PICOT question used in this project is as follows: Among adult residents in assisted living and group homes in Union County, New Jersey (P), does the implementation of public health measures, social distancing, and contact tracing (I), compared to failure to implement public health containment measures (C), lead to a substantial decrease in the transmission of COVID-19 (O) within one year (T)?
The population consists of individuals 18 years and older residing in assisted living and group homes in Union County, New Jersey. The emphasis on a specific demographic guarantees that the research is customized to a community encountering the effects of the COVID-19 problem, as described above. The nursing intervention is public health measures, including social distancing and contact tracing. In this case, social distancing is an umbrella term used to refer to measures and protocols used to enforce distance aimed at reducing transmission.
Contact tracing entails identifying, assessing, and managing individuals who have been in close contact with an infected person. These measures include physical distance restricting the number of individuals in a gathering, among other measures to minimize interpersonal contact. The comparison group entails individuals from the same population who lack specific measures to enforce social distancing. For instance, this could represent the reference scenario or a setting, such as a nursing home, where social distancing guidelines are not actively enforced. The main objective is a substantial reduction in the transmission of COVID-19. Additionally, the study will becarried out for a year to assess the immediate and long-term effects of social distancing measures on the spread of the virus in the community.
Literature Search Strategy
A comprehensive literature search strategy is vital in conducting a comprehensive literature review. The strategy employed in this project proposal entailed six steps. The first step entailed defining the research objective to guide the search and ensure it remains relevant. The research objective in this case was to identify evidence on the effectiveness of social distancing in reducing COVID-19 transmissions in assisted living facilities. The second step was identifying the keywords, which included social distancing, assisted living facilities, and group homes. The third step was selecting the search databases. The databases used included PubMed, Medline, and Science Direct. The main search engine used was Google Scholar. The fourth step was conducting the search using the keywords and refining the search results. The fifth step entailed reviewing the results, followed by the sixth step, managing and documenting the results used in the literature review.
Literature Review Synthesis
Eight literature sources were identified using the above-detailed literature search, and which were used in the review. Juneau et al. (2023) emphasize the importance of effective contact tracing in densely populated areas, while Craig et al. (2021) critically evaluated various contact tracing methods to determine their effectiveness. Stroebe et al. (2021) assessed the political factors that affect health-protective behaviors during the pandemic. Chu et al. (2020) conducted a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection. Braithwaite et al. (2020) explored the role of technology in automated contact tracing. Rahmani and Mirmahaleh (2021) provided a comprehensive literature review on COVID-19 prevention and treatment methods. Ki et al. (2019) examined infection prevention policies in healthcare settings, while Shelby et al. (2022) conducted a qualitative study on the experiences of cases and contacts with COVID-19 contact tracing.
Sample Populations and Settings Comparison
The reviewed studies offered diverse sample populations in size and characteristics. They encompass a range of participant sizes, from 16 to 40 participants. These studies have also been conducted in various healthcare settings, such as long-term care facilities and acute care hospitals, providing a comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the transmission of COVID-19 in different healthcare environments. Juneau et al. (2023) and Craig et al. (2021) have focused on specific populations diagnosed with COVID-19. These studies explored the experiences, outcomes, and interventions specific to individuals who have been diagnosed with the virus.
In contrast, Stroebe et al. (2021) have taken a broader approach by including a sample representing the general population. The study aims to capture a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on society as a whole. It included individuals from various backgrounds and demographics to provide a more holistic perspective on the effects of the pandemic, allowing for a better understanding of the overall implications on public health and well-being.
Aggregating Conclusions
Several key themes emerged from the findings of these studies. One consistent finding across articles is the significance of effective contact tracing, as highlighted by Juneau et al. (2023). Exploring different contact tracing methods, including automated and semi-automated approaches, reveals a consensus on their potential impact (Braithwaite et al., 2020). The influence of sociopolitical factors on health-protective behaviors should be emphasized, thus the necessity for tailored interventions (Stroebe et al., 2021).
Chu et al. (2020) identified these interventions as physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection as critical measures in preventing the person-to-person transmission of COVID-19. Therefore, effective contact tracing plays a crucial role in managing COVID-19, with a focus on diverse strategies. The effectiveness of contact tracing methods varies, but sociopolitical factors and preventive measures such as physical distancing and mask-wearing are significant. However, it is crucial to recognize the limitations in sample sizes and methodologies, necessitating further research. Further research is necessary to gain a comprehensive and applicable understanding of infectious disease management in the changing landscape.
A Summary of Limitations
It is important to acknowledge that research studies may have certain limitations that must be considered. One such limitation is the small sample sizes used in some studies, which can hinder the generalizability of the findings to a broader population. Additionally, studies that focus solely on particular settings, such as acute care hospitals or long-term care facilities, can also limit the applicability of the results to other settings. To ensure diversity in the levels of evidence, it is vital to use different methodologies, including systematic reviews and qualitative analyses. Considering these limitations when interpreting study findings is essential, as they may require extra precautions to ensure patient safety.
Recommendations
The studies conducted on contact tracing in managing COVID-19 and mitigating transmission show that it is a complex process that requires further research to advance the field. The findings can be made more applicable by using larger and more diverse samples in research. Longitudinal studies can provide insights into the long-term effectiveness of contact-tracing and social-distancing strategies. Understanding the cultural and contextual factors influencing acceptance and adherence to public health measures and contact tracing can help develop culturally sensitive interventions.
Technology-driven solutions such as automated contact tracing should be further explored in the ever-changing landscape of infectious disease management. Comparative effectiveness studies can help identify the most efficient contact tracing methods. Ongoing research should investigate the connections between contact tracing, public health policies, and individual behaviors to develop a comprehensive understanding of effective disease control and prevention. Continued investigation into automated contact tracing can contribute to advancing infectious disease management. Additionally, a comprehensive understanding of the intersections between contact tracing, public health policies, and individual behaviors is crucial for effectively controlling and preventing infectious diseases.
Application of Change and Nursing Theories in the Project
Lewin’s change theory was applied to understand the implementation of public health measures such as social distancing and contact tracing in preventing COVID-19 transmission. Harrison et al. (2021) note that Lewin’s change theory entails three stages: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing. The unfreezing stage, which encompasses preparing for change, involves disseminating information on the risks of the virus, the essence of social distancing, and the effectiveness of contact tracing in its transmission. The change stage entails implementing the measures, while the refreezing stage involves stabilizing the changes, that is, integrating them into the institutional cultures, for instance, integrating the social distancing changes into the assisted living and group home institutions.
The diffusion of innovation theory was also applied in the project to understand how contact tracing and social distancing would be adopted among people in assisted living and group homes. According to Mo et al. (2021), the diffusion of innovation theory describes how new ideas, behaviors, or technologies are adopted within a population. The theory has five stages of the innovation-decision process: knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation (Mo et al., 2021). The knowledge stage entails becoming aware of the new public health practices (social distancing and contact tracing). The persuasion stage encompasses influencing the individuals’ attitudes and beliefs towards adopting the practices, while the decision entails the individuals’ decision to adopt or reject the innovation. Once the decision is made, the implementation stage entails integration into daily life, while confirmation entails outcomes evaluation.
Proposed Implementation Plan and Outcome Measures
The proposed solution aims to effectively implement contact tracing and social distancing in assisted living and group homes to prevent the spread of COVID-19. It emphasizes a comprehensive approach that considers sociocultural and linguistic factors while improving nursing practice. The solution necessitates a systematic implementation strategy, well-defined goals, and quantifiable results to guarantee efficacy and uphold the autonomy of individuals and diverse institutions.
The issue of COVID19 transmission in assisted living and group homes poses substantial difficulties due to the increased likelihood of contagion in such settings and the individuals’ increased risk. Public health measures such as contact tracing have emerged effective in identifying cases and halting subsequent transmission. Nevertheless, the successful execution of this plan necessitates meticulous deliberation of sociocultural and linguistic elements to guarantee efficacy and approval among these populations. In addition, nursing practice plays a pivotal role in effectively carrying out contact tracing interventions, requiring nurses to possess education, collaboration, and leadership skills. The proposed solution tackles these challenges by employing a systematic approach.
The plan begins with training and educating staff members in the assisted living and group homes on the essence of social distancing and contact tracing, including particular protocols to be followed in the institutions. There is also a need to develop a clear and accessible communication strategy and disseminate information on social distancing guidelines and contact tracing protocols. Additionally, the infrastructure and resources to be used will be identified, and the assisted living homes will be ensured they have the necessary infrastructure and resources to support public health measures. The mechanisms for monitoring compliance with public health measures and collaboration with the local health agencies will be identified.
Several outcome measures will show that the change project is a success. These measures include a reduction in reported COVID-19 cases in assisted living and group homes, the level of adherence to public health guidelines, the resident’s satisfaction with the implemented measures, and changes in operational efficiency following the implementation of social distancing and contact tracing measures. However, the primary outcome is the reduction in COVID-19 transmissions.
Proposed Nursing Intervention Evaluation
According to Xiang et al. (2021), evaluating the impact of COVID-19 interventions is crucial in informing future interventions and incorporating lessons learned into the current ones. The nursing intervention in this case is contact tracing. Three types of evaluation will be employed to assess the effectiveness of public health measures in reducing COVID-19 transmissions in assisted living facilities. These are process and outcome evaluation and cost-benefit analysis. The evaluation will assess the implementation process to identify strengths, weaknesses, and improvement areas using regular check-ins and soliciting resident feedback. The outcome evaluation will entail assessing the impact of the public health measures based on the desired outcomes. The cost-benefit analysis will assess the implications of social distancing and contact tracing on the institutions’ costs and benefits.
Potential Barriers to Plan Implementation
One of the primary barriers to the implementation is the privacy concern while using technological applications for contact tracing. Privacy concerns persist as the challenge of balancing data collection for public health initiatives and safeguarding individual privacy rights continues (Rauschenberg et al., 2021). Residents’ compliance may also be a huge barrier since some residents in assisted living homes may have challenges adhering to social distancing guidelines due to cognitive issues. Additionally, infrastructural and resource constraints from the institutions may pose a challenge to the project’s implementation.
The institutions may have limited personal protective equipment, staffing, and other vital resources to adhere to the public health measures. Additionally, the infrastructure to maintain social distancing may be challenging in small institutions. These barriers could be overcome by ensuring the individuals directly involved in the project have the required cognitive abilities, assessing technological contact tracing apps for privacy issues, and advocating for prioritization in resource allocation in institutions with resource constraints.
References
Braithwaite, I., Callender, T., Bullock, M., & Aldridge, R. W. (2020). Automated and partly automated contact tracing: a systematic review to inform the control of COVID-19. The Lancet. Digital health, 2(11), e607–e621. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30184-9
Chen, K., Pun, C. S., & Wong, H. Y. (2023). Efficient social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Integrating economic and public health considerations. European Journal of Operational Research, 304(1), 84–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2021.11.012
Chu, D. K., Akl, E. A., Duda, S., Solo, K., Yaacoub, S., Schünemann, H. J., & COVID-19 Systematic Urgent Review Group Effort (SURGE) study authors (2020). Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet (London, England), 395(10242), 1973–1987. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9
Craig, T. K. J., Rizvi, R., Willis, V. C., Kassler, W. J., & Jackson, G. P. (2021). Effectiveness of Contact Tracing for Viral Disease Mitigation and Suppression: Evidence-Based Review. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 7(10), e32468. https://doi.org/10.2196/32468
Harrison, R., Fischer, S., Walpola, R. L., Chauhan, A., Babalola, T., Mears, S., & Le-Dao, H. (2021). Where Do Models for Change Management, Improvement, and Implementation Meet? A Systematic Review of the Applications of Change Management Models in Healthcare. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, 13, 85–108. https://doi.org/10.2147/JHL.S289176
Juneau, C. E., Briand, A. S., Collazzo, P., Siebert, U., & Pueyo, T. (2023). Effective contact tracing for COVID-19: A systematic review. Global Epidemiology, 5, 100103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100103
Ki, H. K., Han, S. K., Son, J. S., & Park, S. O. (2019). Risk of transmission via medical employees and importance of routine infection-prevention policy in a nosocomial outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): a descriptive analysis from a tertiary care hospital in South Korea. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 19(1), 190. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-019-0940-5
Mallah, S. I., Ghorab, O. K., Al-Salmi, S., Abdellatif, O. S., Tharmaratnam, T., Iskandar, M. A., Sefen, J. A. N., Sidhu, P., Atallah, B., El-Lababidi, R., & Al-Qahtani, M. (2021). COVID-19: Breaking down a global health crisis. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 20(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-021-00438-7
Milne, G. J., & Xie, S. (2020). The effectiveness of social distancing in mitigating COVID-19 spread: a modeling analysis. MedRxiv, 2020-03. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.20.20040055
Mo, P. K., Luo, S., Wang, S., Zhao, J., Zhang, G., Li, L., Li, L., Xie, L., & Lau, J. T. F. (2021). Intention to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccination in China: Application of the Diffusion of Innovations Theory and the Moderating Role of Openness to Experience. Vaccines, 9(2), 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020129
Rahmani, A. M., & Mirmahaleh, S. Y. H. (2021). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) prevention and treatment methods and effective parameters: A systematic literature review. Sustainable Cities and Society, 64, 102568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102568
Rauschenberg, C., Schick, A., Hirjak, D., Seidler, A., Paetzold, I., Apfelbacher, C., Riedel-Heller, S. G., & Reininghaus, U. (2021). Evidence Synthesis of Digital Interventions to Mitigate the Negative Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Mental Health: Rapid Meta-review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(3), e23365. https://doi.org/10.2196/23365
Shelby, T., Arechiga, C., Gupta, A. J., Hennein, R., Schenck, C., Weeks, B., Bond, M., Niccolai, L., Davis, J. L., & Grau, L. E. (2022). “I can’t do it”: A qualitative study exploring case and contact experiences with COVID-19 contact tracing. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1963. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14265-8
Simon J. R. (2021). COVID-19 and the problem of clinical knowledge. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 43(2), 52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-021-00405-7
Stroebe, W., vanDellen, M. R., Abakoumkin, G., Lemay, E. P., Jr, Schiavone, W. M., Agostini, M., Bélanger, J. J., Gützkow, B., Kreienkamp, J., Reitsema, A. M., Abdul Khaiyom, J. H., Ahmedi, V., Akkas, H., Almenara, C. A., Atta, M., Bagci, S. C., Basel, S., Berisha Kida, E., Bernardo, A. B. I., Buttrick, N. R., … Leander, N. P. (2021). Politicization of COVID-19 health-protective behaviors in the United States: Longitudinal and cross-national evidence. PloS One, 16(10), e0256740. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256740
World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). The Origin of SARSCoV-2. Accessed March 2, 2024, https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/332197/WHO-2019-nCoV-FAQ-Virus_origin-2020.1-eng.pdf
Xiang, Y., Jia, Y., Chen, L., Guo, L., Shu, B., & Long, E. (2021). COVID-19 epidemic prediction and the impact of public health interventions: A review of COVID-19 epidemic models. Infectious Disease Modelling, 6, 324–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idm.2021.01.001
