NRNP 6645 Week 1 Discussion: Biological Basis and Ethical/Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy

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NRNP 6645 Week 1 Discussion: Biological Basis and Ethical/Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy – Step-by-Step Guide

The first step before starting to write the NRNP 6645 Week 1 Discussion: Biological Basis and Ethical/Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy, it is essential to understand the requirements of the assignment. The first step is to read the assignment prompt carefully to identify the topic, the length and format requirements. You should go through the rubric provided so that you can understand what is needed to score the maximum points for each part of the assignment. 

It is also important to identify the audience of the paper and its purpose so that it can help you determine the tone and style to use throughout. You can then create a timeline to help you complete each stage of the paper, such as conducting research, writing the paper, and revising it to avoid last-minute stress before the deadline. After identifying the formatting style to be applied to the paper, such as APA, you should review its use, such as writing citations and referencing the resources used. You should also review how to format the title page and the headings in the paper.

How to Research and Prepare for NRNP 6645 Week 1 Discussion: Biological Basis and Ethical/Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy

The next step in preparing for your paper is to conduct research and identify the best sources to use to support your arguments. Identify the list of keywords from your topic using different combinations. The first step is to visit the university library and search through its database using the important keywords related to your topic. You can also find books, peer-reviewed articles, and credible sources for your topic from PubMed, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Ensure that you select the references that have been published in the last words and go through each to check for credibility. Ensure that you obtain the references in the required format, for example, in APA, so that you can save time when creating the final reference list. 

You can also group the references according to their themes that align with the outline of the paper. Go through each reference for its content and summarize the key concepts, arguments and findings for each source. You can write down your reflections on how each reference connects to the topic you are researching about. After the above steps, you can develop a strong thesis that is clear, concise and arguable. Next you should create a detailed outline of the paper so that it can help you to create headings and subheadings to be used in the paper. Ensure that you plan what point will go into each paragraph.

How to Write the Introduction for NRNP 6645 Week 1 Discussion: Biological Basis and Ethical/Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy

The introduction of the paper is the most crucial part as it helps to provide the context of your work, and will determine if the reader will be interested to read through to the end. You should start with a hook, which will help capture the reader’s attention. You should contextualize the topic by offering the reader a concise overview of the topic you are writing about so that they may understand its importance. You should state what you aim to achieve with the paper. The last part of the introduction should be your thesis statement, which provides the main argument of the paper.

How to Write the Body for NRNP 6645 Week 1 Discussion: Biological Basis and Ethical/Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy

The body of the paper helps you to present your arguments and evidence to support your claims. You can use headings and subheadings developed in the paper’s outline to guide you on how to organize the body. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence to help the reader know what point you will be discussing in that paragraph. Support your claims using the evidence conducted from the research, ensure that you cite each source properly using in-text citations. You should analyze the evidence presented and explain its significance and how it connects to the thesis statement. You should maintain a logical flow between each paragraph by using transition words and a flow of ideas.

How to Write the In-text Citations for NRNP 6645 Week 1 Discussion: Biological Basis and Ethical/Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy

In-text citations help the reader to give credit to the authors of the references they have used in their works. All ideas that have been borrowed from references, any statistics and direct quotes must be referenced properly. The name and date of publication of the paper should be included when writing an in-text citation. For example, in APA, after stating the information, you can put an in-text citation after the end of the sentence, such as (Smith, 2021). If you are quoting directly from a source, include the page number in the citation, for example (Smith, 2021, p. 15). Remember to also include a corresponding reference list at the end of your paper that provides full details of each source cited in your text. An example paragraph highlighting the use of in-text citations is as below:

The integration of technology in nursing practice has significantly transformed patient care and improved health outcomes. According to Smith (2021), the use of electronic health records (EHRs) has streamlined communication among healthcare providers, allowing for more coordinated and efficient care delivery. Furthermore, Johnson and Brown (2020) highlight that telehealth services have expanded access to care, particularly for patients in rural areas, thereby reducing barriers to treatment.

How to Write the Conclusion for NRNP 6645 Week 1 Discussion: Biological Basis and Ethical/Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy

When writing the conclusion of the paper, start by restarting your thesis, which helps remind the reader what your paper is about. Summarize the key points of the paper, by restating them. Discuss the implications of your findings and your arguments. End with a call to action that leaves a lasting impact on the reader or recommendations.

How to Format the Reference List for NRNP 6645 Week 1 Discussion: Biological Basis and Ethical/Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy

The reference helps provide the reader with the complete details of the sources you cited in the paper. The reference list should start with the title “References” on a new page. It should be aligned center and bolded. The references should be organized in an ascending order alphabetically and each should have a hanging indent. If a source has no author, it should be alphabetized by the title of the work, ignoring any initial articles such as “A,” “An,” or “The.” If you have multiple works by the same author, list them in chronological order, starting with the earliest publication. 

Each reference entry should include specific elements depending on the type of source. For books, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the book in italics, the edition (if applicable), and the publisher’s name. For journal articles, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the article (not italicized), the title of the journal in italics, the volume number in italics, the issue number in parentheses (if applicable), and the page range of the article. For online sources, include the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or the URL at the end of the reference. An example reference list is as follows:

References

Johnson, L. M., & Brown, R. T. (2020). The role of telehealth in improving patient outcomes. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 35(2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000456

Smith, J. A. (2021). The impact of technology on nursing practice. Health Press.

NRNP 6645 Week 1 Discussion: Biological Basis and Ethical/Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Instructions

Many studies have found that psychotherapy is as effective as psychopharmacology in terms of influencing changes in behaviors, symptoms of anxiety, and changes in mental state. Changes influenced by psychopharmacology can be explained by the biological basis of treatments. But how does psychotherapy achieve these changes? Does psychotherapy share common neuronal pathways with psychopharmacology?

Psychotherapy is used with individuals as well as in groups or families. The idea of discussing confidential information with a patient in front of an audience is probably quite foreign to you. However, in group and family therapy, this is precisely what the psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner does. In your role, learning how to provide this type of therapy within the limits of confidentiality is essential.

For this Discussion, you will consider whether psychotherapy also has a biological basis and analyze the ways in which legal and ethical considerations differ in the individual, family, and group therapy settings. Have a look at NRNP 6645 Week 2 Assignment – Family Assessment.

To prepare:

  • Review this week’s Learning Resources, reflecting on foundational concepts of psychotherapy, biological and social impacts on psychotherapy, and legal and ethical issues across the modalities (individual, family, and group).
  • Search the Walden Library databases for scholarly, peer-reviewed articles that inform and support your academic perspective on these topics.

BY DAY 3

Post an explanation of whether psychotherapy has a biological basis. Explain how culture, religion, and socioeconomics might influence one’s perspective on the value of psychotherapy treatments. Describe how legal and ethical considerations for group and family therapy differ from those for individual therapy, and explain how these differences might impact your therapeutic approaches for clients in group, individual, and family therapy. Support your rationale with at least three peer-reviewed, evidence-based sources and explain why each of your supporting sources is considered scholarly. Attach the PDFs of your sources. 

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

BY DAY 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days by providing an additional scholarly resource that supports or challenges their position, along with a brief explanation of the resource. 

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the Reply button to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Post Reply, you cannot delete or edit your own posts and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Post Reply! 

NRNP 6645 Week 1 Discussion: Biological Basis and Ethical/Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Example

Biological Basis and Ethical/Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy is a commonly used intervention in the management of mental health issues. It is often recommended as the first-line treatment before other options, such as psycho-pharmacotherapy in some conditions, such as anxiety. It is a collaborative treatment intervention that relies heavily on the care provider-patient relationship. Various types of psychotherapy include cognitive behavioral therapy and family therapy. Debates on the effectiveness of psychotherapy and the biological basis of psychotherapy exist. This essay evaluates the biological basis of psychotherapy and evaluates individual, group, and family therapy.

Psychotherapy has a biological basis, like psychopharmacological interventions, due to its therapeutic ability. Research affirms that psychotherapy changes brain connectivity and activity. Deits-Lebehn et al. (2020) state that well-perched psychotherapy provides adequate psychological stimulation, promoting new growth, neuron connectivity, and better blood supply. Research also shows that psychotherapy stimulates hormone release, which can be successful in offsetting negative emotions and moderating these emotions, such as over-excitation (arousal) and stress (depression) (Deits-Lebehn et al., 2020).

Repeated cycles of psychotherapy assist in many instances, such as depression and anxiety, and anger management. Researchers argue that erasing unhelpful schemas and beliefs helps showcase transformational change in psychotherapy (Kramer et al., 2020). For example, psychotherapy has successfully managed bullying behavior in children and adolescents, leading to complete transformation, indicating that psychotherapy could have a biological basis.

Cultural, social-economic, and religious practices also affect an individual’s view of the effectiveness of psychotherapy. Some cultures do not encourage speaking up or discussing personal problems, which may limit their perception and acceptance of psychotherapy (Wheeler, 2020). Thus, individual perspectives may embrace or disregard practices, hence the need to be culturally sensitive as a care provider.

Legal and ethical considerations differ in the individual, family, and group therapy settings. Like all other care interventions, individual therapy follows all ethical and legal principles. Informed consent, justice, veracity, fidelity, self-respect, autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence are all vital individual therapy (Sanghvi & Pandley, 2019). Despite sharing personal information, group therapy sessions maintain confidentiality in that patients only share the information they are comfortable with (Hahn et al., 2022).

The group participants voluntarily participate hence altruism and other ethical issues such as justice and confidentiality. Information shared restricts deep-message sharing and entails what is significant to others. In addition, these groups are led by competent professionals who ensure that legal and ethical considerations are duly followed. They help handle group differences and ensure objective achievement despite the differences among group members.  

In family therapy, confidentiality is also vital, and unlike individual therapy, only the information the patient is willing to share is discussed. Family therapy often entails how the family members can promote quality outcomes for the patient or problem (Barnett & Jacobson, 2019). In family therapy, the intervention conceptualizes the origin of a problem as a dysfunctional process. Barnett and Jacobson (2019) note that the focus of family therapy is thus addressing these dysfunctional patterns, especially relationships between family members. Cultural awareness, informed consent, and confidentiality (except when concealed information can lead to family harm) are essential considerations in family therapy.

Conclusion

All these articles used were sourced from current and reputable journals in psychiatry, and most were pulled from the American Psychological Association website. The APA website is a reliable database for sourcing peer-reviewed work. The articles are peer-reviewed and current (produced within the last five years). From the evidence presented above, psychotherapy has a biological basis due to the changes in areas such as memory and behavior and physical brain changes observed after psychotherapy.

Understanding the biological basis of psychotherapy helps care providers plan and utilize psychotherapy to achieve the desired outcomes. Ethical and legal issues differ in individual, family, and group therapy. Understanding their differences and similarities can help professionals implement psychotherapy with minimal ethical and legal problems in these groups.

References

Barnett, J. E., & Jacobson, C. H. (2019). Ethical and legal issues in family and couple therapy. In APA handbook of contemporary family psychology: Family therapy and training, Vol. 3 (pp. 53–68). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000101-004

Deits-Lebehn, C., Baucom, K. J., Crenshaw, A. O., Smith, T. W., & Baucom, B. R. (2020). Incorporating physiology into the study of the psychotherapy process. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 67(4), 488. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000391

Hahn, A., Paquin, J. D., Glean, E., McQuillan, K., & Hamilton, D. (2022). Developing into a group therapist: An empirical investigation of expert group therapists’ training experiences. American Psychologist, 77(5), 691–709. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000956

Kramer, U., Beuchat, H., Grandjean, L., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2020). How personality disorders change in psychotherapy: A concise review of process. Current Psychiatry Reports, 22, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01162-3

Sanghvi, P., & Pandey, S. (2019). Ethical and Legal Constraints in Psychotherapy. Journal of Psychosocial Research, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.32381/JPR.2019.14.01.2

Wheeler, K. (2020). Psychotherapy for the advanced practice psychiatric nurse: A how-to guide for evidence-based practice (3rd ed.). Springer Publishing.

NRNP 6645 Week 1 Discussion: Biological Basis and Ethical/Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Example 2

Psychotherapy is a way to help people with a broad variety of mental illness and emotional difficulties. Psychotherapy helps to eliminate and control troubling symptoms so a person can function better and can increase well-being and healing (Fingerhood, 2020). Also, is a form of treatment for psychological, emotional or behavior disorder in which trained person establishes a relationship with one or several patients for the purpose of modifying and removing existing symptoms and promoting personal growth.

Psychotherapy is an individualized and yet a comprehensive biological treatment. It does not target one receptor, one or two neurotransmitters, or single modulators; it taps into all the biological regulations underlying complex brain responses. Thus, psychotherapy has a biological basis.

There are different perspectives on the psychotherapist’s treatments which are; culture, religion and socio economics. Culture influences the expectations about how person-to-person interactions will occur (Mikailova, 2021). Additionally, culture influences how we understand health and healing. By acknowledging the role of culture in psychotherapy is important because it helps to frame specific expectations and customs within the psychotherapy experience.

Religion has shown to be a stabilizing factor for mental well-being. Research has demonstrated that people who have religious beliefs tend to have better mental health, physical health, and more satisfying relationships than those who do not have any religious beliefs.

A low socioeconomic status (SES) is known to be associated with more frequent mental health problems. People of the lowest SES are estimated to be two to three times as likely to have a mental disorder as are those with the highest SES (Hugo, 2019). Also, research has indicated that psychotherapy clients from lower social backgrounds are less likely to access mental health care.

There is difference in terms of legal and ethical considerations for groups and family therapy and that of individual therapy. Therapist have the responsibility to inform all group participants consequences of breaching confidentiality, and that legal privilege does not apply to group discussions (Srinivasan, 2018). One way in which family therapy differs from many individual therapies is its emphasis on how current family relationships contribute to the development and maintenance of symptoms.

Ethical issues in psychotherapy include screening and orientation of group members. The rights of group members are informed consent and confidentiality the psychological risks of groups, personal relationships with clients, the impact of the group leaders values and working sensitively.

Family therapist is a type of psychological counseling that helps family members improve communication and resolve conflicts. Also, is usually provided by a psychologist, clinical social worker or licensed therapist. Whereas, is a form of therapists that involves a sessions guided by a therapists and attended by several clients who confront their personal problems together. The interaction among clients is considered to be an integral part of the therapy

There are several impacts on approaches applied to clients either clients in group, individual or family therapy. One key benefit of applying family system approach over individual counseling is that it leads to improvement of how the family unit functions (Almagor-Tikotzki, 2018). Moreover, it benefits individual family members in a variety of ways. First, it helps to treat different types of mental health issue. Secondly, family system therapy doesn’t just result in improved outcomes for one member of the family. Rather, it provides a space for honesty, empathy, and adjustment that benefits every member of the family. Finally, it provides a firm foundation for building and maintaining strong, supportive relationships.

References

Almagor-Tikotzki, M. (2018). Functional dialectic system (FDS) approach: Individual, couple, and family therapy. PsycEXTRA Dataset. https://doi.org/10.1037/e635102013-173.

Fingerhood, M. I. (2020). Ethical and legal considerations. ASAM Handbook of Addiction Medicine, 409-422. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197506172.003.0017.

Hugo, M. (2019). Mental health professionals’ attitudes towards people who have experienced a mental health disorder. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 8(5), 419-425. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1351-0126.2001.00430.x.

Mikailova, N. E. (2021). Ethnic culture and ethnic behavior: Theoretical approaches. Perspectives. Socio-political Journal, (3), 4-11. https://doi.org/10.24195/spj1561-1264.2021.3.1.

Srinivasan, S. (2018). Have scientists met their ethical responsibility towards research participants? Indian Journal of Medical Ethics, (4). https://doi.org/10.20529/ijme.2013.076

NRNP 6645 Week 2 Assignment – Family Assessment

Assessment is as essential to family therapy as it is to individual therapy. Although families often present with one person identified as the “problem,” the assessment process will help you better understand family roles and determine whether the identified problem client is in fact the root of the family’s issues.

To prepare:

  • Review this week’s Learning Resources and reflect on the insights they provide on family assessment. Be sure to review the resource on psychotherapy genograms.
  • Download the Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Note Template and review the requirements of the documentation. There is also an exemplar provided with detailed guidance and examples. 
  • View the Mother and Daughter: A Cultural Tale video in the Learning Resources and consider how you might assess the family in the case study.

THE ASSIGNMENT

Document the following for the family in the video, using the Comprehensive Evaluation Note Template: 

  • Chief complaint
  • History of present illness
  • Past psychiatric history
  • Substance use history
  • Family psychiatric/substance use history
  • Psychosocial history/Developmental history
  • Medical history
  • Review of systems (ROS)
  • Physical assessment (if applicable)
  • Mental status exam
  • Differential diagnosis—Include a minimum of three differential diagnoses and include how you derived each diagnosis in accordance with DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria
  • Case formulation and treatment plan
  • Include a psychotherapy genogram for the family

Note: For any item you are unable to address from the video, explain how you would gather this information and why it is important for diagnosis and treatment planning. 

BY DAY 7

Submit your Assignment. 

NRNP 6645 Week 3 Assignment: Analyzing Group Techniques

Group therapy can alleviate feelings of isolation and foster a supportive and collaborative environment for sharing difficult feelings in order to facilitate healing. For many people, being part of a group that has a shared understanding of a struggle provides a unique opportunity to gain understanding of their own experiences.

As you examine one of the group therapy demonstrations from this week’s Learning Resources, consider the role and efficacy of the leader and the reasons that specific therapeutic techniques were selected.

To prepare:

  • Select one of the group therapy video demonstrations from this week’s required media Learning Resources.

THE ASSIGNMENT

In a 3- to 4-page paper, identify the video you selected and address the following:

  • What group therapy techniques were demonstrated? How well do you believe these techniques were demonstrated?
  • What evidence from the literature supports the techniques demonstrated? 
  • What did you notice that the therapist did well?
  • Explain something that you would have handled differently.
  • What is an insight that you gained from watching the therapist handle the group therapy?
  • Now imagine you are leading your own group session. How would you go about handling a difficult situation with a disruptive group member? How would you elicit participation in your group? What would you anticipate finding in the different phases of group therapy? What do you see as the benefits and challenges of group therapy?  
  • Support your reasoning with at least three peer-reviewed, evidence-based sources, and explain why each of your supporting sources is considered scholarly. Attach the PDFs of your sources.

NRNP 6645 Week 5 Discussion – Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Comparing Group, Family, and Individual Settings

There are significant differences in the applications of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for families and individuals. The same is true for CBT in group settings and CBT in family settings. In your role, it is essential to understand these differences to appropriately apply this therapeutic approach across multiple settings. For this Discussion, as you compare the use of CBT in individual, group, and family settings, consider challenges of using this approach with groups you may lead, as well as strategies for overcoming those challenges.

To prepare:

  • Review the videos in this week’s Learning Resources and consider the insights provided on CBT in various settings. 

BY DAY 3

Post an explanation of how the use of CBT in groups compares to its use in family or individual settings. Explain at least two challenges PMHNPs might encounter when using CBT in one of these settings. Support your response with specific examples from this week’s media and at least three peer-reviewed, evidence-based sources. Explain why each of your supporting sources is considered scholarly and attach the PDFs of your sources.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

BY DAY 6 OF WEEK 1

Respond to at least two of your colleagues by recommending strategies to overcome the challenges your colleagues have identified. Support your recommendation with evidence-based literature and/or your own experiences with clients.

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the Reply button to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Post Reply, you cannot delete or edit your own posts and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Post Reply!