NR509 Week 3 iHuman Case Study Jenna James

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NR509 Week 3 iHuman Case Study Jenna James – Step-by-Step Guide

The first step before starting to write the NR509 Week 3 iHuman Case Study Jenna James, it is essential to understand the requirements of the assignment. The first step is to read the assignment prompt carefully to identify the topic, the length and format requirements. You should go through the rubric provided so that you can understand what is needed to score the maximum points for each part of the assignment. 

It is also important to identify the audience of the paper and its purpose so that it can help you determine the tone and style to use throughout. You can then create a timeline to help you complete each stage of the paper, such as conducting research, writing the paper, and revising it to avoid last-minute stress before the deadline. After identifying the formatting style to be applied to the paper, such as APA, you should review its use, such as writing citations and referencing the resources used. You should also review how to format the title page and the headings in the paper.

How to Research and Prepare for NR509 Week 3 iHuman Case Study Jenna James

The next step in preparing for your paper is to conduct research and identify the best sources to use to support your arguments. Identify the list of keywords from your topic using different combinations. The first step is to visit the university library and search through its database using the important keywords related to your topic. You can also find books, peer-reviewed articles, and credible sources for your topic from PubMed, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Ensure that you select the references that have been published in the last words and go through each to check for credibility. Ensure that you obtain the references in the required format, for example, in APA, so that you can save time when creating the final reference list. 

You can also group the references according to their themes that align with the outline of the paper. Go through each reference for its content and summarize the key concepts, arguments and findings for each source. You can write down your reflections on how each reference connects to the topic you are researching about. After the above steps, you can develop a strong thesis that is clear, concise and arguable. Next you should create a detailed outline of the paper so that it can help you to create headings and subheadings to be used in the paper. Ensure that you plan what point will go into each paragraph.

How to Write the Introduction for NR509 Week 3 iHuman Case Study Jenna James

The introduction of the paper is the most crucial part as it helps to provide the context of your work, and will determine if the reader will be interested to read through to the end. You should start with a hook, which will help capture the reader’s attention. You should contextualize the topic by offering the reader a concise overview of the topic you are writing about so that they may understand its importance. You should state what you aim to achieve with the paper. The last part of the introduction should be your thesis statement, which provides the main argument of the paper.

How to Write the Body for NR509 Week 3 iHuman Case Study Jenna James

The body of the paper helps you to present your arguments and evidence to support your claims. You can use headings and subheadings developed in the paper’s outline to guide you on how to organize the body. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence to help the reader know what point you will be discussing in that paragraph. Support your claims using the evidence conducted from the research, ensure that you cite each source properly using in-text citations. You should analyze the evidence presented and explain its significance and how it connects to the thesis statement. You should maintain a logical flow between each paragraph by using transition words and a flow of ideas.

How to Write the In-text Citations for NR509 Week 3 iHuman Case Study Jenna James

In-text citations help the reader to give credit to the authors of the references they have used in their works. All ideas that have been borrowed from references, any statistics and direct quotes must be referenced properly. The name and date of publication of the paper should be included when writing an in-text citation. For example, in APA, after stating the information, you can put an in-text citation after the end of the sentence, such as (Smith, 2021). If you are quoting directly from a source, include the page number in the citation, for example (Smith, 2021, p. 15). Remember to also include a corresponding reference list at the end of your paper that provides full details of each source cited in your text. An example paragraph highlighting the use of in-text citations is as below:

The integration of technology in nursing practice has significantly transformed patient care and improved health outcomes. According to Smith (2021), the use of electronic health records (EHRs) has streamlined communication among healthcare providers, allowing for more coordinated and efficient care delivery. Furthermore, Johnson and Brown (2020) highlight that telehealth services have expanded access to care, particularly for patients in rural areas, thereby reducing barriers to treatment.

How to Write the Conclusion for NR509 Week 3 iHuman Case Study Jenna James

When writing the conclusion of the paper, start by restarting your thesis, which helps remind the reader what your paper is about. Summarize the key points of the paper, by restating them. Discuss the implications of your findings and your arguments. End with a call to action that leaves a lasting impact on the reader or recommendations.

How to Format the Reference List for NR509 Week 3 iHuman Case Study Jenna James

The reference helps provide the reader with the complete details of the sources you cited in the paper. The reference list should start with the title “References” on a new page. It should be aligned center and bolded. The references should be organized in an ascending order alphabetically and each should have a hanging indent. If a source has no author, it should be alphabetized by the title of the work, ignoring any initial articles such as “A,” “An,” or “The.” If you have multiple works by the same author, list them in chronological order, starting with the earliest publication. 

Each reference entry should include specific elements depending on the type of source. For books, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the book in italics, the edition (if applicable), and the publisher’s name. For journal articles, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the article (not italicized), the title of the journal in italics, the volume number in italics, the issue number in parentheses (if applicable), and the page range of the article. For online sources, include the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or the URL at the end of the reference. An example reference list is as follows:

References

Johnson, L. M., & Brown, R. T. (2020). The role of telehealth in improving patient outcomes. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 35(2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000456

Smith, J. A. (2021). The impact of technology on nursing practice. Health Press.

NR509 Week 3 iHuman Case Study Jenna James

Problem Statement:

J.J. is a 23-year-old female law student with a history of mononucleosis at age 15 with complains of sore throat, fevers, dysphagia, and headache that started 2 days ago. She reports an infectious contact and has not received an annual influenza vaccination. Pt is current on COVID immunization.  Pt denies chest pain, SOB, cough, palpitations, and fatigue.  Physical exam shows fever of 101.5 deg F with pt report of highest fever of 101.8 deg F, bilateral anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, erythematous pharynx with enlarged tonsils and prominent exudates bilaterally.  Negative for adventitious breath sounds and hepatosplenomegaly.  Negative Brudzinski’s and Kernig’s sign.

Management Plan:

Diagnostics:

Group A Streptococcal Rapid Antigen Test: Negative

Influenza PCR: Negative SARS-CoV-2 antigen: Negative

Medications:

Amoxicillin 500mg PO BID x 10 days

However, there has been controversy regarding the overuse of antibiotics and with a negative group A streptococcal rapid antigen test antibiotics may not be indicated until a throat culture is positive.  The throat culture should be conducted in all patients with a negative rapid antigen test.  The use of antibiotics for treatment helps to shorten the duration of symptoms, reduces the likelihood of transmission to close contacts, and decreases the development of complications (Mustafa & Ghaffari, 2020).

Acetaminophen 325mg to 1000mg PO Q 4-6 hours PRN for fever/pain.  Max of 4g/day (Shulman et al., 2012).

Ibuprofen 200-400 mg PO Q 4-6 hours PRN fever/pain.  Max of 1200mg/day (Shulman et al., 2012)

Supportive management is one of the 5 treatment goals for group A streptococcus pharyngitis (Mustafa & Ghaffari, 2020).

Consults/Referrals:

No current consult or referrals at this time.  Possibly consider referral to ENT if recurrent group A streptococcal pharyngitis continues (Choby, 2009).

Client Education:

Proper hand hygiene education to prevent the spread of infection to others (Ashhurst & Edgerley-Gibb, 2023). 

There is also a small risk of developing rheumatic fever.  Signs would include painful joints, tender joints, pain in the chest, fatigue, fast heart rate, palpitations, multiple joint inflammation (Ashhurst & Edgerley-Gibb, 2023).

If prescribed antibiotics: Take all the antibiotics even after you are feeling better. Take OTC medications as directed on packaging.

Call PCP if you develop a rash or have trouble breathing after starting antibiotics (“Tonsillitis (Strep Throat),” 2023).

Provide work/school note to patients to remain home until afebrile and at least 24 hours after starting appropriate antibiotic therapy.

Patient may gargle warm salt water for sore throat (Shulman et al., 2012).

Follow up:

Return to PCP or seek medical care if you are unable to swallow, eat, or drink, develop a hoarse voice or a change in your voice or if you have difficulty breathing, develop neck stiffness or swelling, or excessive drooling and/or have persistent fevers (Rayborn et al., 2024).

Return to PCP if symptoms do not improve in 3-4 days, do not return to work or school until afebrile and have received antibiotic therapy for 24 hours.  Most patients feel better 24 hours after starting antibiotics or 3-5 days if not taking antibiotics (“Tonsillitis (Strep Throat),” 2023).

Rationales:

Symptoms of Group A streptococcus include sore throat, fever, headaches and patients do not typically present with cough or conjunctivitis.  If left untreated, there is potential for acute rheumatic fever, peritonsillar abscess or rheumatic heart disease. Diagnosis includes clinical scoring systems, rapid antigen detection tests, throat culture, and nucleic acid amplification tests.  If a rapid antigen detection test is negative, a throat culture should be collected. 

American College of Physician’s American Society of Internal Medicine guidelines recommend combining clinical scoring systems and rapid antigen detection tests. AAFP and ACP-ASIM guidelines give the provider the option to diagnose and treat group A streptococcus pharyngitis based solely on the clinical decision rule and the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines do not use the clinical decision rules, they state a throat culture should be performed.  Treatment has five goals that include symptom relief, shortening the duration of the illness, prevent nonsuppurative and suppurative complications, decrease the risk of contagion, and decrease the use of unnecessary antibiotics (Mustafa & Ghaffari, 2020). 

References:

Ashurst, J. V., & Edgerley-Gibb, L. (2023). Streptococcal pharyngitis. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525997/

Choby, B. A. (2009). Diagnosis and Treatment of Streptococcal Pharyngitis. American Family Physician, 79(5), 383–390. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0301/p383.html

Mustafa, Z., & Ghaffari, M. (2020). Diagnostic Methods, Clinical Guidelines, and Antibiotic Treatment for Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis: A Narrative Review. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 10(10). https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.563627

Rayborn, C. H., Jackson, C. D., & Summers, N. A. (2024). What Is Strep Throat? JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.3326

Shulman, S. T., Bisno, A. L., Clegg, H. W., Gerber, M. A., Kaplan, E. L., Lee, G., Martin, J. M., & Van Beneden, C. (2012). Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis: 2012 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 55(10), e86–e102. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis629

Tonsillitis (Strep Throat). (2023). American Family Physician, 107(1), Online. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36689968