NR501 Week 4 Concept Analysis Assignment

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NR501 Week 4 Concept Analysis Assignment – Step-by-Step Guide

The first step before starting to write the NR501 Week 4 Concept Analysis Assignment, it is essential to understand the requirements of the assignment. The first step is to read the assignment prompt carefully to identify the topic, the length and format requirements. You should go through the rubric provided so that you can understand what is needed to score the maximum points for each part of the assignment. 

It is also important to identify the audience of the paper and its purpose so that it can help you determine the tone and style to use throughout. You can then create a timeline to help you complete each stage of the paper, such as conducting research, writing the paper, and revising it to avoid last-minute stress before the deadline. After identifying the formatting style to be applied to the paper, such as APA, you should review its use, such as writing citations and referencing the resources used. You should also review how to format the title page and the headings in the paper.

How to Research and Prepare for NR501 Week 4 Concept Analysis Assignment

The next step in preparing for your paper is to conduct research and identify the best sources to use to support your arguments. Identify the list of keywords from your topic using different combinations. The first step is to visit the university library and search through its database using the important keywords related to your topic. You can also find books, peer-reviewed articles, and credible sources for your topic from PubMed, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Ensure that you select the references that have been published in the last words and go through each to check for credibility. Ensure that you obtain the references in the required format, for example, in APA, so that you can save time when creating the final reference list. 

You can also group the references according to their themes that align with the outline of the paper. Go through each reference for its content and summarize the key concepts, arguments and findings for each source. You can write down your reflections on how each reference connects to the topic you are researching about. After the above steps, you can develop a strong thesis that is clear, concise and arguable. Next you should create a detailed outline of the paper so that it can help you to create headings and subheadings to be used in the paper. Ensure that you plan what point will go into each paragraph.

How to Write the Introduction for NR501 Week 4 Concept Analysis Assignment

The introduction of the paper is the most crucial part as it helps to provide the context of your work, and will determine if the reader will be interested to read through to the end. You should start with a hook, which will help capture the reader’s attention. You should contextualize the topic by offering the reader a concise overview of the topic you are writing about so that they may understand its importance. You should state what you aim to achieve with the paper. The last part of the introduction should be your thesis statement, which provides the main argument of the paper.

How to Write the Body for NR501 Week 4 Concept Analysis Assignment

The body of the paper helps you to present your arguments and evidence to support your claims. You can use headings and subheadings developed in the paper’s outline to guide you on how to organize the body. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence to help the reader know what point you will be discussing in that paragraph. Support your claims using the evidence conducted from the research, ensure that you cite each source properly using in-text citations. You should analyze the evidence presented and explain its significance and how it connects to the thesis statement. You should maintain a logical flow between each paragraph by using transition words and a flow of ideas.

How to Write the In-text Citations for NR501 Week 4 Concept Analysis Assignment

In-text citations help the reader to give credit to the authors of the references they have used in their works. All ideas that have been borrowed from references, any statistics and direct quotes must be referenced properly. The name and date of publication of the paper should be included when writing an in-text citation. For example, in APA, after stating the information, you can put an in-text citation after the end of the sentence, such as (Smith, 2021). If you are quoting directly from a source, include the page number in the citation, for example (Smith, 2021, p. 15). Remember to also include a corresponding reference list at the end of your paper that provides full details of each source cited in your text. An example paragraph highlighting the use of in-text citations is as below:

The integration of technology in nursing practice has significantly transformed patient care and improved health outcomes. According to Smith (2021), the use of electronic health records (EHRs) has streamlined communication among healthcare providers, allowing for more coordinated and efficient care delivery. Furthermore, Johnson and Brown (2020) highlight that telehealth services have expanded access to care, particularly for patients in rural areas, thereby reducing barriers to treatment.

How to Write the Conclusion for NR501 Week 4 Concept Analysis Assignment

When writing the conclusion of the paper, start by restarting your thesis, which helps remind the reader what your paper is about. Summarize the key points of the paper, by restating them. Discuss the implications of your findings and your arguments. End with a call to action that leaves a lasting impact on the reader or recommendations.

How to Format the Reference List for NR501 Week 4 Concept Analysis Assignment

The reference helps provide the reader with the complete details of the sources you cited in the paper. The reference list should start with the title “References” on a new page. It should be aligned center and bolded. The references should be organized in an ascending order alphabetically and each should have a hanging indent. If a source has no author, it should be alphabetized by the title of the work, ignoring any initial articles such as “A,” “An,” or “The.” If you have multiple works by the same author, list them in chronological order, starting with the earliest publication. 

Each reference entry should include specific elements depending on the type of source. For books, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the book in italics, the edition (if applicable), and the publisher’s name. For journal articles, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the article (not italicized), the title of the journal in italics, the volume number in italics, the issue number in parentheses (if applicable), and the page range of the article. For online sources, include the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or the URL at the end of the reference. An example reference list is as follows:

References

Johnson, L. M., & Brown, R. T. (2020). The role of telehealth in improving patient outcomes. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 35(2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000456

Smith, J. A. (2021). The impact of technology on nursing practice. Health Press.

NR501 Week 4 Concept Analysis Assignment Instructions

Purpose:

This assignment provides the opportunity for the student to conduct a formal concept analysis of one concept found in a nursing theory using an identified framework.

Course Outcomes

Through this assignment, the student will demonstrate the ability to:

(CO#1) Analyze theories from nursing and relevant fields with respect to their components, relationships among the components, logic of the propositions, comprehensiveness, and utility to advanced nursing. (PO1)

(CO#3) Communicate the analysis of and proposed strategies for the use of a theory in nursing practice. (PO3, 7, 10) Have a look at Application of Theory Paper NR501 Week 5 Assignment

(CO#4)

  • Demonstrate logical and creative thinking in the analysis and application of a theory to nursing practice. (PO4. 7)

Due Date: Sunday 11:59 PM MT at the end of Week 4

Total Points Possible:  200

Requirements:

Description of the Assignment

The purpose of this 6-8 page paper (not including the title page or reference page in the page count) is a formal concept analysis of one concept found in a nursing theory, adapting the methodology of Walker and Avant (2010, pp. 157 – 179). The book by Walker and Avant is not available electronically. This book is not needed in order to succeed with this assignment. A summary of the steps in this method is found at the end of this document.

Any nursing theory may be used to find a concept for analysis. Only one concept is analyzed. 

As part of the concept analysis, a focused review of scholarly literature is conducted, using a minimum of 3(three) scholarly sources related to the selected concept. A formal literature review can be extensive in critiquing all the relevant literature about a specific topic or area of knowledge. In this assignment, that level of effort is not required. What is expected is an integrated discussion of at least three articles on the concept selected for this assignment. Themes, ideas, or facts about the concept found in the reviewed literature are presented in an organized fashion. Note: research articles about the concept are the best kind of article for a literature review.

The steps in a concept analysis include:

  1. selection of a concept used in a nursing theory
  2. identification of the aims or purposes of the analysis
  3. a review of selected scholarly literature on the concept
  4. identification of possible use of the selected concept
  5. determination of defining attributes
  6. identification of model cases
  7. identification of alternate cases (borderline, related, contrary, invented, and illegitimate cases)
  8. identification of antecedents and consequences
  9. definition of empirical referents

The paper concludes with a synthesis of the student’s new knowledge about the concept. The scholarly literature is incorporated throughout the analysis.

Criteria for Content

  1. Introduction includes statements on the process of concept analysis, identifies the nursing concept and nursing theory from which it was obtained, and relates the main topics of the paper. A list of possible concepts is provided below. A substantive discussion of each of the following elements is present. All elements are supported by scholarly literature
    1. One aim or purpose of the analysis
    1. A review of scholarly literature (minimum of three articles)
    1. Two possible uses of the concept
    1. Two defining attributes
    1. Two model cases
    1. Two of the following alternative cases: borderline, related, contrary, invented, or  illegitimate
    1. One antecedent and one consequence
    1. Two empirical referents
  2. Concluding statements present the writer’s new knowledge on the concept acquired as a result of writing the paper

Criteria for Format and Special Instructions

  1. One of the textbooks required for this course may be used as one of the required references for this assignment.
  2. Title page, body of paper, and reference page must be in APA format (6th edition)
  3. A minimum of 3 scholarly sources on the concept are required.
  4. The paper (excludes the title page and reference page) must be a minimum of 6 pages and no longer than 8 pages.
  5. Ideas and information from professional sources must be cited correctly.
  6. Grammar, spelling, punctuation, and citations are consistent with the writing style specified in the 6th edition of the APA manual.

Walker, L. O & Avant, K. C.  (2010). Strategies for theory construction in nursing (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall

Possible Concepts (These concepts are not required; students may select one of these concepts or find another concept in any nursing theory)

Noise Cleanliness of environment Patient Assessment Self-care deficit Self-care Homeostasis Behavioral system Boundary lines Open system Patient Centered Care Empowerment Resources Caring  Adaptation Energy conservation Meaningfulness Modeling Transaction Activities of living Actual caring occasion Energy field Pain Pattern Leadership Engagement Comfort  

All of these concepts were selected from grand and middle-range theories presented in the course texts.

NR501 Week 4 Concept Analysis Assignment Example Approach

Concept Analysis- Advocacy

Concepts in the nursing profession are significant in practice and in relations with other nurses and patients. Advocacy is a concept that focuses on identifying and protecting others’ interests. In nursing, advocacy is divided into professional and patient advocacy. Patient advocacy refers to protecting the rights and interests of patients, while professional advocacy refers to protecting the interests of nurses and the nursing profession. Advocacy is a broad term that refers to all activities that ensure patient and professional protection, from patient education and development of patient protection to influencing policy development in professional bodies, nursing leadership, and legislative positions. This paper explores the concept of advocacy in the nursing profession.

Identification of Concept

Advocacy is a word that stems from the French word avocat, which stems from the Latin phrase advocatus. Advocatus means to be summoned or to aid someone in the courtroom. Thus, advocacy stems from law and lawyers and is now applied to various professions, like nursing. The origins of advocacy show that individuals advocated for others because it was the right thing to do.

Advocacy requires professionals to aid individuals, families, communities, professionals, or groups (Abassinia et al., 2020). The empowerment and advocacy theory portrays advocacy as speaking for the people. The theory also holds that advocacy entails protecting the community’s vulnerable populations, societal functioning support, and ensuring identity (of the advocate) and control. The theory also emphasizes customer/client participation in their lives. Thus, in healthcare, advocacy should focus on protecting and empowering patients while engaging them in managing their health (Burke et al., 2019).

In the modern world, advocacy is more organized and provides aid to more people without enough power. It is a global concept that groups, governments, and professionals use to provide services to populations and save them from their more powerful “oppressors.” For example, nurses can advocate for the rights of minority groups to access healthcare services and be fairly treated, or for patients with heart disease to access intensive care promptly. The concept in the modern world also holds everyone responsible for rising to the occasion to help manage serious global issues in their capacities. For example, the global community currently calls for an effort to manage climate change and the need to assist individuals. This paper explores the concept of advocacy in the nursing profession.

Relevant Research

Title: Article # 1 Luz, K. R. D., Vargas, M. A. D. O., Peter, E., Barlem, E., Viana, R. A. P. P., & Ventura, C. A. A. (2019). Advocacy in intensive care and hospitalization by court order: what are the perspectives of nurses? Texto & Contexto-Enfermagem, 28. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2018-0157 

Luz et al. (2019) conducted a study to analyze nurses’ advocacy practices given hospitalization by court order in intensive care units despite bed unavailability. Many intensive care units do not have adequate bed capacities. The researchers interviewed 42 nurses and utilized discursive textual analysis to analyze and disseminate the results. The analysis revealed two major themes: obedience to the law, the ethical-moral duty of intensive care unit nurses, and their position in advocating for patients needing intensive care unit beds.

The court order provides a dilemma for the nurses in intensive care units. The nurses are led by morality and obedience to the law, and they use the right channels to challenge policies that negatively affect populations. This article shows that patient advocacy is a process that requires ethical, moral, and law to be in favor of actions to take place. The intention is to ensure nurses remain within their scope of practice and abide by all the rules and regulations as they advocate for their patients.

Title: Article # 2 Abbasinia, M., Ahmadi, F., & Kazemnejad, A. (2020). Patient advocacy in nursing: A concept analysis. Nursing ethics, 27(1), 141-151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733019832950

Abbasinia et al. (2019) conducted a study exploring the poorly understood patient advocacy concept. A gap exists between patient advocacy and nursing practice in healthcare. The researchers aimed to develop a clear and comprehensive definition of advocacy. They conducted a review of 46 articles and two books that related to the concept of advocacy using Rodger’s evolutionary approach.

The articles evaluated the research to determine the attributes of patient advocacy relevant to the understanding advocacy concept. From the study, the attributes of advocacy are safeguarding, valuing, mediating, and championing social justice in healthcare provision (Abbasinia et al., 2019). Each attribute represents various subunits in which the nurse plays the role of an advocate.

For example, in valuing, the nurse practices self-control, patient empowerment, individualization, maintaining patient privacy, and respecting and considering the patient’s values, beliefs, culture, and preferences (Abbasinia et al., 2019). The article shows that advocacy in nursing also entails confronting policies. This article can help nursing efforts as they attempt to implement advocacy roles in nursing. The article also shows that advocacy entails patients, professionals, and the profession.

Title: Article # 3 Kalaitzidis, E., & Jewell, P. (2020). The concept of advocacy in nursing: a critical analysis. The Health Care Manager, 39(2), 77-84. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCM.0000000000000292

Kalaitzidis and Jewell (2020) explored the understanding and conceptualization of advocacy by nurses. Among the 16 articles, three did not define the term advocacy. Among the research articles, three definitions entail patient, policy advocacy, and policy provision. The literature reviews show that nurses understand advocacy as advocating for patients and patient populations. The study also showed that nurses perceived skills and resources were significant contributors to their underutilization of policy advocacy. The study revealed that nurses have a vague understanding of the advocacy concept and thus compromise its utilization.

Consequently, the study notes that the definition of advocacy was inconsistent even with professional bodies globally, and the International Council of Nurses gives vague attention to advocacy. It mentions the term and views it as the responsibility of the general profession and not the individual. The study shows that for professionals to participate in advocacy fully, they need to understand its definition, score, attributes, and how to apply it while remaining within the scope of practice and abiding by the policies and regulations that control nursing practice at the local, national, and global levels.

Significance to Nursing

Advocacy is an important concept in nursing as it refers to the entirety of the nursing profession and the care nurses provide to patients. Nurses’ roles in the care delivery process enhance their roles in advocacy. Nurses are the professionals responsible for implementing most care interventions. These include patient education, daily assessment, responding to requirements, and assistance with activities of daily living such as ambulation. They are, thus, the best place for individuals to assess needs and share them with other healthcare professionals and policy-makers to influence change.

The ethical code of practice and standards of nursing practice constantly state advocacy attributes as a nurse’s duty. Nurses must address patients’ needs and ensure they are heard, understood, and helped. According to Kalaitzidis and Jewell (2020), the nurses’ code of conduct, nursing competencies, and standards outline aspects of advocacy as roles of nurses’ roles. Some nursing theorists and pioneers also believe that nursing is incomplete without advocacy. Helping patients manage their health is the most common definition of advocacy, and it recognizes nurses’ roles. Advocacy in nursing is associated with various outcomes, such as better patient outcomes and improved policies and regulations surrounding nursing. Over the years, advocacy in nursing has seen many changes in patient care delivery and the nursing profession.

Nurses utilize policy advocacy to improve the nursing profession. Current legislations proposed by nurses include policies to allow certified nurse anesthetists and other nurse practitioners to practice independently, increasing access to healthcare services to patients in their communities (Vitale, 2021). Many policies affecting patient care have been pioneered or supported by professional nursing bodies and individuals. Nurses play a huge role in patient and policy advocacy, significantly improving care delivery and the nursing profession. Thus, advocacy is a significant issue in nursing practice that should be thoroughly addressed.

Definitions

 The definition of advocacy in nursing remains vaguely understood, with most bodies and professionals developing their own but closely related definitions of advocacy. Advocacy is a commonly used term in the nursing profession. Its dictionary definition is “public support for or recommendation of a particular cause or policy.” Most definitions of advocacy entail patient and policy advocacy, focusing on both the nursing profession and patient interests.

According to Kalaitzidis and Jewell (2020), the American Nurses Association defines advocacy as promoting, protecting, and optimizing health and function, such as preventing injury and illness and alleviating human suffering through diagnosis and treatment. Heck et al. (2022) define advocacy as nurses’ professional, moral, and ethical obligation to protect population health. In addition, Luz et al. (2019) define advocacy as patient population protection while acting within the limits of the profession’s moral, ethical, and legal obligations. These definitions are supportive, and all explore varied areas of advocacy, showing how vast and significant the concept is to nursing practice.

Related Terms

Terms related to the word advocacy are myriad. They include support, activism, protagonism, lobbyism, protection, and representation. Patient protection has been used in many ways, such as acting in the patient’s interest and opposing policies that have the possibility of causing patient harm. According to (Abbasinia et al., 202o), nurses are patient protectors and should always act in the interest of the patients, or what is referred to as patient-centered care. Patient support is widely applied in nursing, and the most explicit example is diabetes care.

Diabetes patients require much support to help them take care of their health. Support in the nursing profession includes empowerment and educating patients to manage their health. It also entails their empowerment through education on healthcare issues, such as insurance, and educating family members on how to care for their loved ones (Ryan et al., 2020). These terms, in some instances, can be used to mean advocacy. They all generally refer to the protection or representation of other individuals with less power or ability to support or represent the self.

Antecedents

Antecedents generally refer to places, persons, things, or clauses represented by a pronoun. An antecedent refers back to any of these mentioned items or their background. In nursing/ healthcare, advocacy refers to activities before the utilization of advocacy. Advocacy stems from the need to protect vulnerable populations that cannot do so on their own. Atecedents of advocacy include vulnerable populations, unfair treatment, and situations of inability to provide self-care to defend one’s own rights, needs, wishes, and inability to make the right decision, such as situations of lack of healthcare knowledge (Luz et al., 2019).

Consequences

The consequences of advocacy are that the results of advocacy can be either positive or negative. Through advocacy, patients and healthcare professionals can address their needs and exercise their rights to the benefit of their health (Abbasinia et al., 2019). Advocacy also allows professionals to preserve personal integrity and moral principles, hence professional job satisfaction and confidence. The outcome of advocacy is improvement in the population’s health and the nursing profession.

The nurses are better treated and receive fair recognition for their contribution, while issues such as mortality, care access, equity, and justice. As Luz et al. (2019) identified, nurses are bound to the law and policies that regulate their practice. Advocacy calls for efforts against limiting or unfair policies that those in authority might not take as calmly. Advocacy can be mistaken for insubordination, attracting problems such as loss of reputation, administrative actions, and lost self-esteem. Despite the many constructive roles of advocacy, it is imperative to practice it within the bounds of the nursing scope of practice to prevent

Development of Cases

Model Case

Cases of patient advocacy are examples of several factors defining and challenging attributes that facilitate or hinder nurses from functioning as patient advocates. A model case is an example of using a concept that demonstrates all the concept attributes. Mrs. T., a registered nurse in the emergency department, arrives at the emergency department and receives the shift report, ready to begin her work.

A 25-year-old is brought in an ambulance after being involved in a road traffic accident with a possible spinal fracture. She immediately leads the trauma team to address the patient’s life-threatening needs, such as bleeding, and puts him on blood pressure and respiratory monitoring. She also reassures the patient as he receives the due care, which she has reviewed as appropriate. The patient also requested that her mother be contacted and told everything about his injury. The nurse calls the mother, who arrives, and the nurse provides her with empathetic care, including details of the accident, diagnosis, and curative interventions.

She also called the patient and discussed the care plan with the patient and his mother, seeing that he was not in a life-threatening situation. The nurse acted as an advocate adequately; in this case, she gave the patient all due care and respected his requests. She also informed and involved him and the family in the care plan. She also reviewed the care plan to ensure it was appropriate for the patient. This case presents the nurse as a true patient advocate who performs all advocacy requirements.

Contrary Case

A contrary case in this context is when the nurse fails to act following the advocacy requirements. In this case, Mrs. T, a registered nurse, arrives in the emergency department and receives the handover report. A 22-year-old patient is brought in after a road accident. After receiving the patient, the nurse calls the trauma and awaits their arrival to begin patient management. When he requested the nurse to call the patient’s mother, she assured him she would and called the mother to the hospital. She gives details of the patient to the mother and leaves the two to discuss the patient’s management options.

She adamantly refuses when asked about the patient’s condition, claiming she does not know and that they should wait for the physician. The nurse also refuses to answer questions and claims that many emergencies need her attention. In this case, the nurses’ activities are contrary to the stipulations of advocacy. She does not inform, protect, value, or pursue justice for the patient. Such actions lead to poor patient-provider relationships, negatively affecting patient health and promoting poor patient outcomes. Nurses should ensure they play their roles as advocates fully because these roles ensure quality patient outcomes (Luz et al., 2019).

Criteria/Attributes of Concept

There are various attributes of advocacy. These include safeguarding, valuing, mediating, and championing social justice in healthcare provision (Abbasinia et al., 2019). Safeguarding refers to protecting patients’ health, well-being, and human rights. Activities that safeguard patients and patient populations are tracking and addressing medical errors and protecting patients from misconduct by healthcare professionals. Valuing is an attribute that refers to respect for employees and thus entails activities such as acting in the patient’s interest and cultural sensitivity.

Apprising is a term referring to informing. Nursing professionals inform patients of their health condition, diagnosis, legal and ethical issues, available treatment options, and other available management resources. Another attribute is mediating and intervening in a dispute to create an agreement (Nsiah et al., 2019). Nurses liaise with other care professionals, patients, and their families to voice patients’ needs and communicate their needs to enhance better management.

Championing social justice in care provision refers to ensuring that the care provided is human and provides maximum benefits to patients and patient populations (Kalaitzidis & Jewell, 2020). Nursing activities championing social justice include confronting inappropriate policies or rules, correcting inequalities, and facilitating access to and developing community resources. These attributes represent advocacy in the nursing profession.

Operational Definition

Operational terms or definitions refer to concrete, measurable, and detailed explanations of concepts. Advocacy measurement is challenging, unlike other concepts, such as quality and safety, that are easily measurable. Aspects such as mortality, morbidity, and patient satisfaction can be used to measure quality and safety. However, advocacy is integrated into various nursing activities, and the measurable aspects are limited, including nurses’ perspectives on advocacy and self-reported knowledge of advocacy.

The most commonly understood and used definition of advocacy, relevant to this analysis as the operational definition, is to represent and promote the interests of patients, nurses, and the nursing profession to achieve desired outcomes (Luz et al., 2019). In addition, due to the varied definitions, without a concrete agreement on the definition of advocacy, it is not easy to develop measures to determine advocacy.

Summary and Conclusion

This paper evaluated the concept of patient advocacy. Patient advocacy refers to protecting, representing, and promoting the interests of patients, nurses, and the nursing profession. This paper also evaluated research articles that discuss its definition and application to nursing to understand its use in different contexts. It also developed cases that show how nurses can use the concept and what failure to implement advocacy attributes would be implemented.

Understanding major nursing concepts helps professionals utilize them in care delivery and thus exhibit professionalism and the expected conduct of nurses. The paper components helped build upon knowledge of the concept, its significance to nursing, and its utilization for professionals and patient care. Information learned from this concept analysis will help improve professional and personal development while ensuring roles and practices reflect the advocacy of patients, nurses, and the profession.

References

Abbasinia, M., Ahmadi, F., & Kazemnejad, A. (2020). Patient advocacy in nursing: A concept analysis. Nursing ethics, 27(1), 141-151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733019832950

Burke, M. M., Rios, K., & Lee, C. E. (2019). Exploring the special education advocacy process according to families and advocates. The Journal of Special Education, 53(3), 131–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022466918810204

Hassen, A., Abozied, A. M., Mahmoud, E. M., & El-Guindy, H. A. (2022). Mental Health Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Patients’ Rights and Patients’ Advocacy. NILES journal for Geriatric and Gerontology, 5(2), 307-324. https://doi.org/10.21608/niles.2022.243510

Heck, L. O., Carrara, B. S., & Ventura, C. A. A. (2022). Nursing and health advocacy: development process of an educational manual. Text & Context-Nursing, 31. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2021-0364en

Kalaitzidis, E., & Jewell, P. (2020). The concept of advocacy in nursing: a critical analysis. The health care manager, 39(2), 77-84. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCM.0000000000000292

Luz, K. R. D., Vargas, M. A. D. O., Peter, E., Barlem, E., Viana, R. A. P. P., & Ventura, C. A. A. (2019). Advocacy in intensive care and hospitalization by court order: what are the perspectives of nurses? Texto & Contexto-Enfermagem, 28. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2018-0157  

Nsiah, C., Siakwa, M., & Ninnoni, J. P. (2019). Registered nurses’ description of patient advocacy in the clinical setting. Nursing Open, 6(3), 1124-1132. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.307

Ryan, D., Burke, S. D., Litchman, M. L., Bronich-Hall, L., Kolb, L., Rinker, J., & Yehl, K. (2020). Competencies for diabetes care and education specialists. The Diabetes Educator, 46(4), 384–397. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721720931092

Vitale, C. M. (2021). The State of Nurse Anesthetist Practice and Policy: An Integrative Review. AANA Journal, 89(5).