DRNP 6566 Week 1 Discussion – Impact Of Pharmacokinetics on Medication Selection and Administration
DRNP 6566 Week 1 Discussion – Impact Of Pharmacokinetics on Medication Selection and Administration – Step-by-Step Guide
The first step before starting to write the DRNP 6566 Week 1 Discussion – Impact Of Pharmacokinetics on Medication Selection and Administration, it is essential to understand the requirements of the assignment. The first step is to read the assignment prompt carefully to identify the topic, the length and format requirements. You should go through the rubric provided so that you can understand what is needed to score the maximum points for each part of the assignment.
It is also important to identify the audience of the paper and its purpose so that it can help you determine the tone and style to use throughout. You can then create a timeline to help you complete each stage of the paper, such as conducting research, writing the paper, and revising it to avoid last-minute stress before the deadline. After identifying the formatting style to be applied to the paper, such as APA, you should review its use, such as writing citations and referencing the resources used. You should also review how to format the title page and the headings in the paper.
How to Research and Prepare for DRNP 6566 Week 1 Discussion – Impact Of Pharmacokinetics on Medication Selection and Administration
The next step in preparing for your paper is to conduct research and identify the best sources to use to support your arguments. Identify the list of keywords from your topic using different combinations. The first step is to visit the university library and search through its database using the important keywords related to your topic. You can also find books, peer-reviewed articles, and credible sources for your topic from PubMed, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Ensure that you select the references that have been published in the last few years and review each one for credibility. Ensure that you obtain the references in the required format, for example, in APA, to save time when creating the final reference list.
You can also group the references according to their themes that align with the outline of the paper. Go through each reference for its content and summarize the key concepts, arguments and findings for each source. You can write down your reflections on how each reference connects to the topic you are researching about. After the above steps, you can develop a strong thesis that is clear, concise and arguable. Next you should create a detailed outline of the paper so that it can help you to create headings and subheadings to be used in the paper. Ensure that you plan what point will go into each paragraph.
How to Write the Introduction for DRNP 6566 Week 1 Discussion – Impact Of Pharmacokinetics on Medication Selection and Administration
The introduction of the paper is the most crucial part as it helps to provide the context of your work, and will determine if the reader will be interested in reading through to the end. You should start with a hook, which will help capture the reader’s attention. You should contextualize the topic by offering the reader a concise overview of the topic you are writing about so that they may understand its importance. You should state what you aim to achieve with the paper. The last part of the introduction should be your thesis statement, which provides the main argument of the paper.
How to Write the Body for DRNP 6566 Week 1 Discussion – Impact Of Pharmacokinetics on Medication Selection and Administration
The body of the paper helps you to present your arguments and evidence to support your claims. You can use headings and subheadings developed in the paper’s outline to guide you on how to organize the body. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence to help the reader know what point you will be discussing in that paragraph. Support your claims using the evidence collected from the research, and ensure that you cite each source properly using in-text citations. You should analyze the evidence presented and explain its significance and how it connects to the thesis statement. You should maintain a logical flow between paragraphs by using transition words and a flow of ideas.
How to Write the In-text Citations for DRNP 6566 Week 1 Discussion – Impact Of Pharmacokinetics on Medication Selection and Administration
In-text citations help the reader to give credit to the authors of the references they have used in their works. All ideas that have been borrowed from references, any statistics and direct quotes must be referenced properly. The name and date of publication of the paper should be included when writing an in-text citation. For example, in APA, after stating the information, you can put an in-text citation after the end of the sentence, such as (Smith, 2021). If you are quoting directly from a source, include the page number in the citation, for example (Smith, 2021, p. 15). Remember to also include a corresponding reference list at the end of your paper that provides full details of each source cited in your text. An example paragraph highlighting the use of in-text citations is as below:
The integration of technology in nursing practice has significantly transformed patient care and improved health outcomes. According to Smith (2021), the use of electronic health records (EHRs) has streamlined communication among healthcare providers, allowing for more coordinated and efficient care delivery. Furthermore, Johnson and Brown (2020) highlight that telehealth services have expanded access to care, particularly for patients in rural areas, thereby reducing barriers to treatment.
How to Write the Conclusion for DRNP 6566 Week 1 Discussion – Impact Of Pharmacokinetics on Medication Selection and Administration
When writing the conclusion of the paper, start by restarting your thesis, which helps remind the reader what your paper is about. Summarize the key points of the paper, by restating them. Discuss the implications of your findings and your arguments. End with a call to action that leaves a lasting impact on the reader or recommendations.
How to Format the Reference List for DRNP 6566 Week 1 Discussion – Impact Of Pharmacokinetics on Medication Selection and Administration
The reference helps provide the reader with the complete details of the sources you cited in the paper. The reference list should start with the title “References” on a new page. It should be aligned center and bolded. The references should be organized in an ascending order alphabetically and each should have a hanging indent. If a source has no author, it should be alphabetized by the title of the work, ignoring any initial articles such as “A,” “An,” or “The.” If you have multiple works by the same author, list them in chronological order, starting with the earliest publication.
Each reference entry should include specific elements depending on the type of source. For books, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the book in italics, the edition (if applicable), and the publisher’s name. For journal articles, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the article (not italicized), the title of the journal in italics, the volume number in italics, the issue number in parentheses (if applicable), and the page range of the article. For online sources, include the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or the URL at the end of the reference. An example reference list is as follows:
References
Johnson, L. M., & Brown, R. T. (2020). The role of telehealth in improving patient outcomes. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 35(2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000456
Smith, J. A. (2021). The impact of technology on nursing practice. Health Press.
DRNP 6566 Week 1 Discussion – Impact Of Pharmacokinetics on Medication Selection and Administration Instructions
Impact Of Pharmacokinetics on Medication Selection and Administration
As an advanced practice nurse, you will likely be responsible for selecting and prescribing pharmaceuticals to address your patients’ health needs and concerns. To what extent is understanding the pharmacokinetics of a certain medication important in your decision-making process when prescribing a medication for your patient? Have a look at DRNP 6566 Week 2 Assignment – Branching Exercise: Cardiac Case 1.
Knowing the pharmacokinetic effects of medications—such as how long will the medication be absorbed and exert an effect on the body before it is eliminated—can have important implications for addressing your patient’s health needs.
For this Discussion, think about the types of decisions you might make, with an understanding of pharmacokinetics, when prescribing medications for your patients. Reflect on how having a working knowledge of pharmacokinetics of medications is important in your role as an advanced practice nurse.
To prepare:
- Review the Learning Resources on pharmacokinetics.
By Day 3 of Week 1
Post your response to the Discussion Forum, a reflection of the impact of pharmacokinetics in the advance practice setting. Be specific and provide examples.
Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the Reply button to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Post Reply, you cannot delete or edit your own posts and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Post Reply!
Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.
By Day 6 of Week 1
Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days and expand upon your colleagues’ posts by addressing the Response Prompt assigned by your Instructor.
DRNP 6566 Week 1 Discussion – Impact Of Pharmacokinetics on Medication Selection and Administration Example
Understanding the pharmacokinetics is part of the practice as an advanced practitioner, but holds a high level of importance when it comes to the responsibility of adequately caring for patients. Medications can influence the direction of a patients health in any setting. The wrong medication can prolong an issue, or enhance a concerning health condition; medications interact with each other and sometimes can potentiate each others actions.
When prescribing medications, providers understand that this task is complex in nature as it requires them to possess diagnostic skills, knowledge of medications, understanding of pharmacology, and the weighing of potential risks and benefits (Maxwell, 2016). Prescribing medications is one of the top tools that providers use to cure disease and illness, decrease and treat symptoms of various health conditions, slow disease progression, and even prevent further disease. Not understanding medication action, how long the last or how quickly they work or how the body processes and breaks down those medications is potentially life-threatening to those who sought out care.
Take patients who come to you for assistance in managing their diabetes, hypertension or chronic heart failure. You have many drugs that you could use and choose from to assist in the management of these conditions, outside of everyday life adjustments that could be made without additional medications. But what if the patient was diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, or end-stage renal disease. Some of the drugs that could be prescribed for the conditions noted prior could be that same that are considered nephrotoxic (Patel & Sapra, 2023). Not understanding the pharmacokinetics behind the medications that you are prescribing could worsen those kidney conditions.
In the same instance some drugs are hepatotoxic and can cause live injury or progression of liver failure. There are more than 900 drugs, which account for 20-40% of all instances of fulminant hepatic failure, that are harmful (Mehta, 2024) If we don’t take the time to understand the importance behind pharmacokinetics, then we could do more harm than good to people who have trusted us with the lives.
Resources
Maxwell S. R. (2016). Rational prescribing: the principles of drug selection. Clinical medicine (London, England), 16(5), 459–464. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.16-5-459
Patel JB, Sapra A. Nephrotoxic Medications. [Updated 2023 Jun 21]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553144/.
Mehta, N. (2024). Drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/169814-overview?form=fpf#a1
DRNP 6566 Week 1 Discussion – Impact Of Pharmacokinetics on Medication Selection and Administration Example 2
Simvastatin and Grapefruit Juice
Deciding which medications to prescribe to a patient for safe medication administration can be a complex decision with many factors to consider. As nurse practitioners, we must consider medication appropriateness and potential safety issues. There must be a strong understanding of a medication’s action and effect on the body, known as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Statins such as simvastatin are known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. The various statins have differing bioavailability and half-life and can cause adverse effects such as myalgias and rhabdomyolysis. Cytochrome -450 is the enzyme responsible for metabolizing many statins like simvastatin (Lee et al., 2016). Grapefruit can have an adverse impact on the metabolism of simvastatin by inhibiting the cytochrome 450 enzyme, creating more bioavailability of simvastatin. Studies have shown that a typical glass of grapefruit juice taken at breakfast along with 40mg of simvastatin can lead to a 3.6-fold increase in simvastatin levels (Lee et al., 2016). Various lab tests can be performed while a patient is on simvastatin. For example, a regular lipid panel can show the drug’s efficacy. Liver function tests and creatine kinase levels can also be monitored to determine toxicity issues.
Race and ethnicity can also play a role in the metabolization of medications, which can impact medication effectiveness and side effects. Variations in genes encode drug metabolizers and drug transporters in the body, which can affect absorption and metabolism (Tamargo et al., 2022). For example, with statins, one study showed that Japanese patients needed a low dose of statin to have the same relative cardiovascular risk reduction as seen in Western patients. The maximum dose of simvastatin in Japan is 20mg, whereas in the United States, it is 80mg (Naito et al., 2017). The differences in responses to statins between the two groups are thought to be related to genetic factors.
As nurse practitioners, it is imperative that we understand the effects of medications on the body and the impact that race or ethnicity can have. Fully understanding pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics will also be beneficial in dosing and adjusting medications to ensure therapeutic levels and efficacy while minimizing side effects.
References
Lee, J. W., Morris, J. K., & Wald, N. J. (2016). Grapefruit Juice and Statins. The American Journal of Medicine, 129(1), 26–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.07.036
Naito, R., Miyauchi, K., & Daida, H. (2017). Racial Differences in the Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Statin. Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, 24(1), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.RV16004
Tamargo, J., Kaski, J., Kimura, T., Barton, J., Yamamoto, K., Komiyama, M., Lewis, B., Hasegawa, K. (2022). Racial and Ethnic Differences in Pharmacotherapy to Prevent Coronary Artery Disease and Thrombotic Events. European Heart Journal – Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy, 8(7), 738–751. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcvp/pvac040
