NR503 Week 2 Healthy People 2020 Impact Paper

ByDaniel Rossi Updated on

NR503 Week 2 Healthy People 2020 Impact Paper – Step-by-Step Guide

The first step before starting to write the NR503 Week 2 Healthy People 2020 Impact Paper, it is essential to understand the requirements of the assignment. The first step is to read the assignment prompt carefully to identify the topic, the length and format requirements. You should go through the rubric provided so that you can understand what is needed to score the maximum points for each part of the assignment. 

It is also important to identify the audience of the paper and its purpose so that it can help you determine the tone and style to use throughout. You can then create a timeline to help you complete each stage of the paper, such as conducting research, writing the paper, and revising it to avoid last-minute stress before the deadline. After identifying the formatting style to be applied to the paper, such as APA, you should review its use, such as writing citations and referencing the resources used. You should also review how to format the title page and the headings in the paper.

How to Research and Prepare for NR503 Week 2 Healthy People 2020 Impact Paper

The next step in preparing for your paper is to conduct research and identify the best sources to use to support your arguments. Identify the list of keywords from your topic using different combinations. The first step is to visit the university library and search through its database using the important keywords related to your topic. You can also find books, peer-reviewed articles, and credible sources for your topic from PubMed, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Ensure that you select the references that have been published in the last words and go through each to check for credibility. Ensure that you obtain the references in the required format, for example, in APA, so that you can save time when creating the final reference list. 

You can also group the references according to their themes that align with the outline of the paper. Go through each reference for its content and summarize the key concepts, arguments and findings for each source. You can write down your reflections on how each reference connects to the topic you are researching about. After the above steps, you can develop a strong thesis that is clear, concise and arguable. Next you should create a detailed outline of the paper so that it can help you to create headings and subheadings to be used in the paper. Ensure that you plan what point will go into each paragraph.

How to Write the Introduction for NR503 Week 2 Healthy People 2020 Impact Paper

The introduction of the paper is the most crucial part as it helps to provide the context of your work, and will determine if the reader will be interested to read through to the end. You should start with a hook, which will help capture the reader’s attention. You should contextualize the topic by offering the reader a concise overview of the topic you are writing about so that they may understand its importance. You should state what you aim to achieve with the paper. The last part of the introduction should be your thesis statement, which provides the main argument of the paper.

How to Write the Body for NR503 Week 2 Healthy People 2020 Impact Paper

The body of the paper helps you to present your arguments and evidence to support your claims. You can use headings and subheadings developed in the paper’s outline to guide you on how to organize the body. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence to help the reader know what point you will be discussing in that paragraph. Support your claims using the evidence conducted from the research, ensure that you cite each source properly using in-text citations. You should analyze the evidence presented and explain its significance and how it connects to the thesis statement. You should maintain a logical flow between each paragraph by using transition words and a flow of ideas.

How to Write the In-text Citations for NR503 Week 2 Healthy People 2020 Impact Paper

In-text citations help the reader to give credit to the authors of the references they have used in their works. All ideas that have been borrowed from references, any statistics and direct quotes must be referenced properly. The name and date of publication of the paper should be included when writing an in-text citation. For example, in APA, after stating the information, you can put an in-text citation after the end of the sentence, such as (Smith, 2021). If you are quoting directly from a source, include the page number in the citation, for example (Smith, 2021, p. 15). Remember to also include a corresponding reference list at the end of your paper that provides full details of each source cited in your text. An example paragraph highlighting the use of in-text citations is as below:

The integration of technology in nursing practice has significantly transformed patient care and improved health outcomes. According to Smith (2021), the use of electronic health records (EHRs) has streamlined communication among healthcare providers, allowing for more coordinated and efficient care delivery. Furthermore, Johnson and Brown (2020) highlight that telehealth services have expanded access to care, particularly for patients in rural areas, thereby reducing barriers to treatment.

How to Write the Conclusion for NR503 Week 2 Healthy People 2020 Impact Paper

When writing the conclusion of the paper, start by restarting your thesis, which helps remind the reader what your paper is about. Summarize the key points of the paper, by restating them. Discuss the implications of your findings and your arguments. End with a call to action that leaves a lasting impact on the reader or recommendations.

How to Format the Reference List for NR503 Week 2 Healthy People 2020 Impact Paper

The reference helps provide the reader with the complete details of the sources you cited in the paper. The reference list should start with the title “References” on a new page. It should be aligned center and bolded. The references should be organized in an ascending order alphabetically and each should have a hanging indent. If a source has no author, it should be alphabetized by the title of the work, ignoring any initial articles such as “A,” “An,” or “The.” If you have multiple works by the same author, list them in chronological order, starting with the earliest publication. 

Each reference entry should include specific elements depending on the type of source. For books, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the book in italics, the edition (if applicable), and the publisher’s name. For journal articles, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the article (not italicized), the title of the journal in italics, the volume number in italics, the issue number in parentheses (if applicable), and the page range of the article. For online sources, include the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or the URL at the end of the reference. An example reference list is as follows:

References

Johnson, L. M., & Brown, R. T. (2020). The role of telehealth in improving patient outcomes. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 35(2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000456

Smith, J. A. (2021). The impact of technology on nursing practice. Health Press.

NR503 Week 2 Healthy People 2020 Impact Paper Instructions

As an example, you may be asked to identify populations at risk for oral health issues or, for instance, issues related to the frail living at home, and design a population health focused educational intervention for your target population. Have a look at NR503 Week 3 Discussion: Comparing and Contrasting Epidemiological Methods of Research.

In addition, you will look at what outcomes will be addressed to determine if your interventions are effective.  This paper should integrate HP2020 and CDC information into your paper. 

Activity Learning Outcomes

Through this assignment, the student will demonstrate the ability to:

  1. Identify appropriate outcome measures and study designs applicable to epidemiological sub-fields such as infectious disease, chronic disease, environmental exposures, reproductive health, and genetics. (CO3)
  2. Identify important sources of epidemiological data. (CO6)

Requirements

  1. Research Topic: Osteoporosis
  2. Identify your target population (for instance, age or other demographic, aggregate population); this must be in your city or state.
  3. Discuss population-based health education interventions for your target population that is aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality for the problem. Be sure to review the research literature and HP2020 for interventions. 
  4. Identify how and what data for interventions is being tracked.
  5. In a four (4) page paper, address the following. Refer to rubric for expanded details related to grading expectations.
    • Identify the problem in the introduction section.  
    • Provide an overview of the problem in your state/national. 
    • Review of descriptive epidemiological and demographic data on mortality/morbidity and risk. 
    • HP2020:  Present the goal, overview and objectives of Healthy People 2020 for the paper topic.
    • Population level prevention and health promotion review. Describe population and/or primary health care focused interventions. Use of scholarly literature and HP2020 is required.  There should be direct correlation to evidence for all strategies.
Best Practices in Preparing the Project 
  1. Review directions and rubric through carefully. 
  2. Follow submission requirements.
  3. Make sure all elements on the grading rubric are included.  Organize the paper using the rubric sections and appropriate headings to match the sections. 
  4. Rules of grammar, spelling, word usage, and punctuation are followed and consistent with formal, scientific writing.
  5. Title page, running head, body of paper, and reference page must follow APA guidelines as found in the current edition of the manual. This includes the use of headings for each section of the paper except for the introduction where no heading is used. 
  6. Ideas and information that come from scholarly literature must be cited and referenced correctly. 
  7. A minimum of three (3) scholarly literature references must be used.  Not all references should be from scholarly web sites.  You may use your textbook, but this will not count towards the three (3) scholarly literature references.
  8. Length:  Papers not adhering to the page length may be returned to you for editing to meet the length guidelines.  
  9. Adhere to the Chamberlain College of Nursing academic policy on integrity as it pertains to the submission of your own original work for assignments.  

NR503 Week 2 Healthy People 2020 Impact Paper Example

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a chronic bone condition characterized by the loss of calcium in bones. The problem results from three main etiologies: decreased intake of calcium and potassium minerals, malabsorption of calcium, or hormonal imbalances. Osteoporosis can occur in anyone but is most prevalent in older adults and postmenopausal women. The condition affects the safety of these individuals, especially at home. Osteoporosis in weak older adults is a leading cause of bone trauma such as fractures and falls because the weak musculoskeletal structure cannot bear much weight and easily paves in. It also affects the quality of life because movement becomes a problem and painful. Osteoporosis in children can lead to rickets due to the brittleness of their bones and their inability to bear weight. This essay examines osteoporosis, its epidemiology, the Healthy People 2020 objectives, and population-level interventions designed to prevent the condition.

Osteoporosis Demographic and Epidemiologic Data

Osteoporosis is a global problem with an increasing burden, especially in the older population. An estimated 200 million individuals worldwide are affected by osteoporosis (Salari et al., 2021). In the US, about 10 million individuals above 50 have osteoporosis; only about 2 million of these are men (CDC, 2021). Post-menopause is the most vulnerable stage due to hormonal imbalances affecting the absorption and retention of calcium in bones. Approximately 46 million women and 16 million men have low bone mass, increasing their risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures, such as rickets, which accounts for about 54% of the older population (CDC, 2021).  Osteoporosis in the younger population can result from other pathologies that affect mineral absorption, such as those affecting calcium and phosphorus. Osteoporosis increases the risk of falls and fractures, especially hip fractures.

Osteoporosis is associated with higher, more severe hip fractures with higher mortality rates. Some morbidities are related to decreased bone density or calcium deficiency, leading to complications in other systems, such as the respiratory system (pneumonia due to cilia activity) (Kim et al., 2019). Huang et al. (2021) note that osteoporosis is complicated by diabetes, and the age-adjusted mortality rate of osteoporosis-associated diabetes was 3.1 persons in 1000000. The most common complications are fractures, and osteoporosis leads to over 8 million fractures annually globally. Other complications of osteoporosis include loss of height, back pain (a leading cause of healthcare service utilization), hunched posture, and mobility difficulties (Clynes et al., 2020).

Healthy People 2020 and Healthy People 2030 Osteoporosis Objectives

The Healthy People 2020 goal for osteoporosis was to reduce the prevalence of osteoporosis in adults above 50 years to 5.3% (Healthy People, 2020). The intention is to ensure that individuals have access to knowledge and resources that will help them prevent osteoporosis and aid in its management, thereby preventing complications. The updated Healthy People 2030 goal for osteoporosis is to prevent fractures and disabilities related to the condition. Osteoporosis is more prevalent in older women, but older men suffer more severe consequences, primarily due to their involvement in strenuous activities, which exposes them to fractures.

Osteoporosis has no cure, but FDA-approved drugs can help increase bone strength and prevent fractures. Healthy People 2030 (n.d.) states that early screening and physical activity are essential strategies for improving bone strength and preventing the development of osteoporosis and subsequent fractures. The Healthy People 2030 objectives are to increase the number of individuals who access osteoporosis treatment after fractures, reduce hip fractures among adults, reduce osteoporosis prevalence, and increase the proportion of adults screened for osteoporosis (Healthy People 2030, n.d.).

Population Level Prevention and Health Promotion Review

Understanding a disease’s mortality and morbidity, as well as the population at risk, helps the government, healthcare providers, and other responsible bodies and professionals implement effective interventions to manage it. The first intervention is osteoporosis screening. Screening for osteoporosis is essential, as it helps identify individuals who are affected and those at risk. Individuals with lower bone density can receive the support they need to prevent the development of osteoporosis (Leslie & Crandall, 2019). Screening by DEXA scanning the spine, skull, and peripheral bone help determine the bone density and the level of calcium and other minerals to promote health by ensuring individuals intervene to improve bone density. The intervention features in the USPSTF recommendations for reducing osteoporosis prevalence and its effects on the population.

According to Leslie and Crandall (2019), patient screening enhances government and individual efforts to reduce the prevalence and impact of osteoporosis in the population. The USPSTF recommends that older women between the ages of 65 and menopause undergo osteoporosis screening because the risk is highest in the perimenopause period. Lane et al. (2018) note that screening reduces the prevalence of hip fractures secondary to osteoporosis. The intervention is critical because the problem develops without signs or symptoms until complications arise. Most individuals are unaware they have the condition until complications arise; thus, screening is an integral strategy to improve diagnosis and management.

Exercise and a healthy diet are an integral strategy that prevents osteoporosis, increases bone density, and reduces the incidence of osteoporosis-related bone fractures. Consuming foods rich in calcium, such as dairy products, and engaging in regular exercise, including running, jogging, and cycling, can improve bone and muscle strength, thereby reducing the effects of osteoporosis (Ahn & Oh, 2019). Consuming foods rich in calcium and engaging in regular physical activity throughout the lifespan can reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Individuals who begin these practices earlier have a significantly lower risk for osteoporosis and severe complications such as a hip fracture.

Community education is vital for the prevention and management of osteoporosis. It serves as the basis for all the other strategies mentioned because it is the most effective method for individuals to understand the role of exercises, screening, and treatment for osteoporosis following hip fractures. Community education can be implemented through various interventions, including social media advertisements, utilization of community resources, and education at the point of care (Suciana & Rusmingsih, 2019).

Educating individuals on the need for osteoporosis treatment after osteoporosis-associated hip fractures can increase the achievement of that objective, reducing the severe complications of osteoporosis. Community-level education can help individuals understand the need for screening after menopause, as they are less likely to seek care when they perceive no threat or benefit to their health (Suciana & Rusmingsih, 2019). Educated communities have better health-seeking behaviors and utilize their knowledge to improve the quality of their lives.

Conclusion

Osteoporosis is a global ‘silent’ problem that is more prevalent among older adults. The most prevalent risk factor is hormonal changes that favor calcium loss from bones. Osteoporosis can affect individuals of all ages due to maladaptive problems that affect these patients. Healthy People 2020 and Healthy People 2030 objectives guide interventions that increase awareness and promote preventive efforts. These objectives aim to reduce the prevalence of osteoporosis and hip fractures, increase access to osteoporosis resources, and increase screening for older adults. These interventions, backed up by research, will help improve the population’s health and enhance their quality of life.

References

Ahn, S., & Oh, J. (2021). Effects of a health-belief-model-based osteoporosis and fall-prevention program on women at an early age. Applied Nursing Research, 59, 151430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151430

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2021). Osteoporosis. National Center for Health Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/osteoporosis.htm

Clynes, M. A., Harvey, N. C., Curtis, E. M., Fuggle, N. R., Dennison, E. M., & Cooper, C. (2020). The epidemiology of osteoporosis. British Medical Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldaa005

Healthy People 2020 (n.d.). Arthritis, Osteoporosis, and Chronic Back Conditions. Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/Arthritis-Osteoporosis-and-Chronic-Back-Conditions/national-snapshot

Healthy People 2030 (n.d.). Osteoporosis. Retrieved from  https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/osteoporosis

Huang, J. F., Wu, Q. N., Zheng, X. Q., Sun, X. L., Wu, C. Y., Wang, X. B., Wu, C, S., Wang, B., Wang, X. Y., Bergman, M., & Wu, A. M. (2020). The characteristics and mortality of osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, or rheumatoid arthritis in the diabetes population: a Retrospective Study. International Journal Of Endocrinology, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8821978

Kim, B., Kim, J., Jo, Y. H., Kang, S. H., Lee, Y. J., Lee, J. H., Hwang, J. E., Park, M. J., & Lee, S. (2018). Risk of pneumonia after vertebral compression fracture in women with low bone density: a population-based study. Spine, 43(14), E830-E835. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000002536

Lane, J. C., Roberts, J. V., Pita, R., Awan, L., Nix, K., & Weller, T. (2018). Does osteoporosis screening in postmenopausal women prevent fractures? Evidence-Based Practice, 21(5), E20. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.EBP.0000545143.14425.53 

Leslie, W. D., & Crandall, C. J. (2019). Population-based osteoporosis primary prevention and screening for quality of care in osteoporosis, Current Osteoporosis Reports. Current Osteoporosis Reports, 17(6), 483–490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-019-00542-w

Salari, N., Ghasemi, H., Mohammadi, L., Rabieenia, E., Shohaimi, S., & Mohammadi, M. (2021). The global prevalence of osteoporosis in the world: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopedic Surgery And Research, 16(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-021-02772-0

Suciana, F., & Rusmingsih, E. (2019, July). Effect of Health Education using Audiovisual on Knowledge of Osteoporosis Prevention in the Elderly. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1179(1), p. 012141. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1179/1/012141